Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Rice Research and TrainingCenter, Sakha in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer sources as farmyard manure FYM and / or urea at different rates on rice blast, white tip nematode and rice stem borer on seven rice cvs. The considered cultivars were Giza 171, Giza 176, Giza 177, Giza 178, Giza 181, Skha 101 ans Sakha 104 fertilized with 30m3 FYM, 20 M3 FYM, 10 m3 FYM + 20 kg N urea, 40 kg N urea, 60 kg N urea and 80 kg N urea/fed. Results showed that leaf and panicle blast infection was not observed on Giza 177, Giza 178 and Giza 181 while Giza 171 had the highest infection followed by Giza 176, Sakha 104 and Sakha 101. Blast isolate obtained from Sakha 104 cv. was identified as IB 45, while that obtained from Sakha 101 cv. was identified as IG1. White tip nematode was affected by kind and amount of nitrogen application. The highest infection was detected on Giza 171 followed by Giza 177 and Sakha 101, while Giza 176, Giza 178 and Giza 181 were the lowest infected cultivars, whereas no infection was found on Sakha 104. High rates of organic or inorganic nitrogen led to an increase in susceptibility of cultivars to white tip nematode. The rice stem borer infestation was highest at the highest rate of mineral nitrogen (80 kg / fed), followed by 60 kg N / fed or application of 30 ton FYM / fed. The lower rates of mineral nitrogen (40 kg / fed) resulted in less borer infestation.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 177 showed no leaf or panicle blast infection.
- Taxon
- RICE
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Giza 177e0
- Interactor
- blaste0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf and panicle blast infection was not observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“leaf and panicle blast infection was not observed on Giza 177, Giza 178 and Giza 181”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 178 showed no leaf or panicle blast infection.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza 178e0
- Interactor
- blaste0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf and panicle blast infection was not observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“leaf and panicle blast infection was not observed on Giza 177, Giza 178 and Giza 181”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 181 showed no leaf or panicle blast infection.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza 181e0
- Interactor
- blaste0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf and panicle blast infection was not observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“leaf and panicle blast infection was not observed on Giza 177, Giza 178 and Giza 181”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 171 had the highest blast infection, followed by Giza 176, Sakha 104 and Sakha 101.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza 171e0
- Interactor
- blaste1pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Giza 176, Sakha 104 and Sakha 101e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“Giza 171 had the highest infection followed by Giza 176, Sakha 104 and Sakha 101”
e1“leaf and panicle blast infection was not observed on Giza 177, Giza 178 and Giza 181”
Claim · model-written summary
The blast isolate from Sakha 104 was identified as IB 45.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Sakha 104e0
- Interactor
- Blaste0pathogen
- Outcome
- Blast isolate obtained from Sakha 104 cv. was identified as IB 45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“Blast isolate obtained from Sakha 104 cv. was identified as IB 45”
Claim · model-written summary
The blast isolate from Sakha 101 was identified as IG1.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Sakha 101e0
- Interactor
- Blaste1pathogen
- Outcome
- identified as IG1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“while that obtained from Sakha 101 cv. was identified as IG1”
e1“Blast isolate obtained from Sakha 104 cv. was identified as IB 45”
Claim · model-written summary
White tip nematode infection varied with nitrogen kind and amount.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- kind and amount of nitrogen applicatione0
- Interactor
- White tip nematodee0pest
- Outcome
- White tip nematodee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“White tip nematode was affected by kind and amount of nitrogen application”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 171 had the highest white tip nematode infection, followed by Giza 177 and Sakha 101.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza 171e0
- Interactor
- White tip nematodee1pest
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Giza 177 and Sakha 101e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“The highest infection was detected on Giza 171 followed by Giza 177 and Sakha 101”
e1“White tip nematode was affected by kind and amount of nitrogen application”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 176, Giza 178 and Giza 181 had the lowest white tip nematode infection.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza 176, Giza 178 and Giza 181e0
- Interactor
- White tip nematodee1pest
- Outcome
- lowest infected cultivarse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“Giza 176, Giza 178 and Giza 181 were the lowest infected cultivars”
e1“White tip nematode was affected by kind and amount of nitrogen application”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 104 had no white tip nematode infection.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Sakha 104e0
- Interactor
- White tip nematodee1pest
- Outcome
- no infection was founde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“no infection was found on Sakha 104”
e1“White tip nematode was affected by kind and amount of nitrogen application”
Claim · model-written summary
High organic nitrogen rates increased cultivar susceptibility to white tip nematode.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- High rates of organice0
- Interactor
- white tip nematodee0pest
- Outcome
- susceptibility of cultivars to white tip nematodee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“High rates of organic or inorganic nitrogen led to an increase in susceptibility of cultivars to white tip nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
High inorganic nitrogen rates increased cultivar susceptibility to white tip nematode.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inorganic nitrogene0
- Interactor
- white tip nematodee0pest
- Outcome
- susceptibility of cultivars to white tip nematodee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“High rates of organic or inorganic nitrogen led to an increase in susceptibility of cultivars to white tip nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer infestation was highest at 80 kg per feddan mineral nitrogen.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg / fede0
- Interactor
- rice stem borere0pest
- Outcome
- rice stem borer infestatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“The rice stem borer infestation was highest at the highest rate of mineral nitrogen (80 kg / fed)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer infestation was next highest with 60 kg nitrogen per feddan.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 60 kg N / fede0
- Interactor
- rice stem borere1pest
- Outcome
- rice stem borer infestatione1
- Direction
- followed bye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“followed by 60 kg N / fed or application of 30 ton FYM / fed”
e1“The rice stem borer infestation was highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer infestation was next highest with 30 ton FYM per feddan.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 ton FYM / fede0
- Interactor
- rice stem borere1pest
- Outcome
- rice stem borer infestatione1
- Direction
- followed bye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“followed by 60 kg N / fed or application of 30 ton FYM / fed”
e1“The rice stem borer infestation was highest”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower mineral nitrogen rate of 40 kg per feddan gave less stem borer infestation.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 40 kg / fede0
- Interactor
- rice stem borere1pest
- Outcome
- borer infestatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RICE”
e0“The lower rates of mineral nitrogen (40 kg / fed) resulted in less borer infestation”
e1“The rice stem borer infestation was highest”
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