Abstract
Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is a major challenge in rice production worldwide. Cultivar development with drought tolerance has been slow due to the lack of precise high throughput phenotyping tools to quantify drought stress-induced effects. Most of the available techniques are based on destructive sampling and do not assess the progress of the plant’s response to drought. In this study, we have used state-of-the-art image-based phenotyping in a phenomics platform that offers a controlled environment, non-invasive phenotyping, high accuracy, speed, and continuity. In rice, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which govern grain yield under drought determine RSDS tolerance. Among these, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 were used for marker-assisted breeding. A set of 35 near-isogenic lines (NILs), introgressed with these QTLs in the popular variety, Pusa 44 were used to assess the efficiency of image-based phenotyping for RSDS tolerance. NILs offered the most reliable contrast since they differed from Pusa 44 only for the QTLs. Four traits, namely, the projected shoot area (PSA), water use (WU), transpiration rate (TR), and red-green-blue (RGB) and near-infrared (NIR) values were used. Differential temporal responses could be seen under drought, but not under unstressed conditions. NILs showed significant level of RSDS tolerance as compared to Pusa 44. Among the traits, PSA showed strong association with yield (80%) as well as with two drought tolerances indices, stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL), establishing its ability in identifying the best drought tolerant NILs. The results revealed that the introgression of QTLs helped minimize the mean WU per unit of biomass per day, suggesting the potential role of these QTLs in improving WU-efficiency (WUE). We identified 11 NILs based on phenomics traits as well as performance under imposed drought in the field. The study emphasizes the use of phenomics traits as selection criteria for RSDS tolerance at an early stage, and is the first report of using phenomics parameters in RSDS selection in rice.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Drought produced differential temporal responses among near-isogenic lines, unlike unstressed conditions.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- Differential temporal responsese0
- Comparator
- unstressed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differential temporal responses could be seen under drought, but not under unstressed conditions”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
Claim · model-written summary
Near-isogenic lines had significantly greater reproductive stage drought tolerance than Pusa 44.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- NILse0
- Outcome
- RSDS tolerancee0
- Direction
- significant levele0
- Comparator
- Pusa 44e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NILs showed significant level of RSDS tolerance as compared to Pusa 44”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected shoot area was strongly associated with yield at 80%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PSAe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSA showed strong association with yield (80%)”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected shoot area was strongly associated with the stress susceptibility index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PSAe0
- Outcome
- stress susceptibility index (SSI)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSA showed strong association with yield (80%) as well as with two drought tolerances indices, stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL)”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected shoot area was strongly associated with the tolerance index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PSAe0
- Outcome
- tolerance index (TOL)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSA showed strong association with yield (80%) as well as with two drought tolerances indices, stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL)”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
Claim · model-written summary
QTL introgression reduced mean water use per unit biomass per day.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- introgression of QTLse0
- Outcome
- mean WU per unit of biomass per daye0
- Direction
- minimizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“introgression of QTLs helped minimize the mean WU per unit of biomass per day”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenomics traits and field drought performance identified 11 near-isogenic lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- NILse0
- Value
- 11e0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified 11 NILs based on phenomics traits as well as performance under imposed drought in the field”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend phenomics traits as early selection criteria for drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- phenomics traits as selection criteria for RSDS tolerance at an early stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of phenomics traits as selection criteria for RSDS tolerance at an early stage”
t0“In rice, several quantitative trait loci”
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