Abstract
Freshwater is a limited and dwindling global resource; therefore, efficient water use is required for food crops that have high water demands, such as rice, or for the production of sustainable energy biomass. We show here that expression of the Arabidopsis HARDY (HRD) gene in rice improves water use efficiency, the ratio of biomass produced to the water used, by enhancing photosynthetic assimilation and reducing transpiration. These drought-tolerant, low-water-consuming rice plants exhibit increased shoot biomass under well irrigated conditions and an adaptive increase in root biomass under drought stress. The HRD gene, an AP2/ERF-like transcription factor, identified by a gain-of-function Arabidopsis mutant hrd-D having roots with enhanced strength, branching, and cortical cells, exhibits drought resistance and salt tolerance, accompanied by an enhancement in the expression of abiotic stress associated genes. HRD overexpression in Arabidopsis produces thicker leaves with more chloroplast-bearing mesophyll cells, and in rice, there is an increase in leaf biomass and bundle sheath cells that probably contributes to the enhanced photosynthesis assimilation and efficiency. The results exemplify application of a gene identified from the model plant Arabidopsis for the improvement of water use efficiency coincident with drought resistance in the crop plant rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
HARDY expression improved rice water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- expression of the Arabidopsis HARDY (HRD) genee0
- Gene
- Arabidopsis HARDY (HRD) genee0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of the Arabidopsis HARDY (HRD) gene in rice improves water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
HARDY expression enhanced photosynthetic assimilation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Treatment
- expression of HARDYt0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic assimilatione0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by enhancing photosynthetic assimilation and reducing transpiration.”
t0“expression of HARDY , an Arabidopsis drought and salt tolerance gene”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
HARDY expression reduced rice transpiration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Treatment
- expression of HARDYt0
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing transpiration.”
t0“expression of HARDY , an Arabidopsis drought and salt tolerance gene”
t1“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic rice had increased shoot biomass under well irrigated conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under well irrigated conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These drought-tolerant, low-water-consuming rice plants exhibit increased shoot biomass under well irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic rice increased root biomass under drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an adaptive increase in root biomass under drought stress.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The Arabidopsis hrd-D mutant had stronger, more branched roots and enhanced cortical cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- hrd-De0
- Outcome
- roots with enhanced strength, branching, and cortical cellse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis mutant hrd-D having roots with enhanced strength, branching, and cortical cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The HRD gene conferred drought resistance and salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- HRD genet1
- Outcome
- drought resistance and salt tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibits drought resistance and salt tolerance, accompanied by an enhancement in the expression of abiotic stress associated genes.”
t0“Arabidopsis mutant hrd-D”
t1“The HRD gene”
Claim · model-written summary
HRD was accompanied by enhanced expression of abiotic stress genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- abiotic stress associated genese0
- Outcome
- expression of abiotic stress associated genese0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an enhancement in the expression of abiotic stress associated genes.”
t0“Arabidopsis mutant hrd-D”
Claim · model-written summary
HRD overexpression made Arabidopsis leaves thicker with more chloroplast-bearing mesophyll cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- HRD overexpressione0
- Outcome
- thicker leaves with more chloroplast-bearing mesophyll cellse0
- Direction
- thickere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HRD overexpression in Arabidopsis produces thicker leaves with more chloroplast-bearing mesophyll cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice with HRD overexpression had increased leaf biomass and bundle sheath cells.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- leaf biomass and bundle sheath cellse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in rice, there is an increase in leaf biomass and bundle sheath cells”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.