Abstract
Water deficit significantly affects global crop growth and productivity, particularly in water-limited environments, such as upland rice cultivation, reducing grain yield. Plants activate various defense mechanisms during water deficit, involving numerous genes and complex metabolic pathways. Exploring homologous genes that are linked to enhanced drought tolerance through the use of genomic data from model organisms can aid in the functional validation of target species. We evaluated the upland rice OsCPK5 gene, an A. thaliana AtCPK6 homolog, by overexpressing it in the BRSMG Curinga cultivar. Transformants were assessed using a semi-automated phenotyping platform under two irrigation conditions: regular watering, and water deficit applied 79 days after seeding, lasting 14 days, followed by irrigation at 80% field capacity. The physiological data and leaf samples were collected at reproductive stages R3, R6, and R8. The genetically modified (GM) plants consistently exhibited higher OsCPK5 gene expression levels across stages, peaking during grain filling, and displayed reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate and increased water-use efficiency compared to non-GM (NGM) plants under drought. The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage under both irrigation conditions. Their drought susceptibility index was 0.9 times lower than that of NGM plants, and they maintained a higher chlorophyll a/b index, indicating sustained photosynthesis. The NGM plants under water deficit exhibited more leaf senescence, while the OsCPK5-overexpressing plants retained their green leaves. Overall, OsCPK5 overexpression induced diverse drought tolerance mechanisms, indicating the potential for future development of more drought-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
GM plants had higher OsCPK5 expression across stages, peaking during grain filling.
- Taxon
- upland rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- grain fillinge0
- Gene
- OsCPK5e0
- Outcome
- OsCPK5 gene expression levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genetically modified (GM) plants consistently exhibited higher OsCPK5 gene expression levels across stages, peaking during grain filling”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
GM plants had reduced stomatal conductance under drought.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GM plantse1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-GM (NGM) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“displayed reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate and increased water-use efficiency compared to non-GM (NGM) plants under drought”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
GM plants had reduced photosynthetic rate under drought.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GM plantse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-GM (NGM) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“displayed reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate and increased water-use efficiency compared to non-GM (NGM) plants under drought”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
GM plants had increased water-use efficiency under drought.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GM plantse1
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-GM (NGM) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased water-use efficiency compared to non-GM (NGM) plants under drought”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
GM plants had higher filled grain percentage under both irrigation conditions.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GM plantse0
- Outcome
- filled grain percentagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both irrigation conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage under both irrigation conditions”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
GM plants had a drought susceptibility index 0.9 times lower than NGM plants.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsCPK5-overexpressing plantse2
- Outcome
- drought susceptibility indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.9 timese0
- Comparator
- NGM plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their drought susceptibility index was 0.9 times lower than that of NGM plants”
e2“OsCPK5-overexpressing plants”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
GM plants maintained a higher chlorophyll a/b index.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GM plantse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they maintained a higher chlorophyll a/b index”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
NGM plants under water deficit showed more leaf senescence, while overexpressing plants retained green leaves.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsCPK5-overexpressing plantse0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- NGM plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NGM plants under water deficit exhibited more leaf senescence, while the OsCPK5-overexpressing plants retained their green leaves”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCPK5 overexpression induced drought tolerance mechanisms.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsCPK5e0
- Outcome
- drought tolerance mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCPK5 overexpression induced diverse drought tolerance mechanisms”
t0“Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 (OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit”
e1“The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.