Abstract
The δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) enzyme is an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of tetrapyrroles. It combines two δ‐aminolevulinic acid (δ‐ALA) molecules to form the pyrrole, porphobilinogen, an important precursor for plant pigments involved in photosynthesis, respiration, light-sensing, and nutrient uptake. Our recent efforts showed that, in citrus, silencing of ALAD gene via Citrus tristeza virus-induced gene silencing, caused yellow spots and necrosis in leaves and in developing new shoots. Silencing of ALAD gene reduced leaf pigments and altered leaf metabolites. Moreover, total phenolic content, H2O2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, indicating that silencing of ALAD induced severe stress. Herein, we hypothesized that conditions including lower sucrose, elevated ROS, alteration of microRNA involved in RNAi regulatory protein Argonaute 1 (AGO1) and ROS lead to higher deposition of callose in phloem tissues. Using aniline blue staining and gene expression analysis of callose synthases, we showed significant deposition of callose in ALAD-silenced citrus.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
ALAD silencing caused yellow leaf spots and necrosis in new citrus shoots.
- Organ / stage
- leaves and in developing new shootse0
- Treatment
- silencing of ALAD gene via Citrus tristeza virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- Citrus tristeza virusCitrus tristeza viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- ALAD genee0
- Outcome
- yellow spots and necrosise0
CitrusNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in citrus, silencing of ALAD gene via Citrus tristeza virus-induced gene silencing, caused yellow spots and necrosis in leaves and in developing new shoots.”
Claim · model-written summary
ALAD silencing reduced citrus leaf pigments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of ALAD gene reduced leaf pigments and altered leaf metabolites.”
e1“in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
ALAD silencing altered citrus leaf metabolites.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of ALAD gene reduced leaf pigments and altered leaf metabolites.”
e1“in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
ALAD silencing increased total phenolic content in citrus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenolic content, H2O2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased”
e1“in citrus, silencing of ALAD gene”
Claim · model-written summary
ALAD silencing increased citrus H2O2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenolic content, H2O2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased”
e1“in citrus, silencing of ALAD gene”
Claim · model-written summary
ALAD silencing increased citrus reactive oxygen species.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenolic content, H2O2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased”
e1“in citrus, silencing of ALAD gene”
Claim · model-written summary
ALAD silencing produced significant callose deposition in citrus phloem.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we showed significant deposition of callose in ALAD-silenced citrus.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · quality: phytochemicals · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
loss of function · physiology: oxidative · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
loss of function · physiology: pigments · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.