Abstract
In this study, we developed an automatic irrigation method using an image-based irrigation system for high-quality tomato production in a greenhouse by investigating effects of a diurnal periodic cycle of irrigation on the photosynthesis, growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes. The diurnal periodic cycle in a moderate wilting–full recovery treatment (MR) with a medium threshold value was more frequent than that in a severe wilting–full recovery treatment (SR) with a high threshold value. Mean daily maximum wilting ratios for MR and SR were 7.2% and 11.3%, respectively, when wilting ratios were set to threshold values of 7% and 14%, respectively. Total irrigation amounts in MR and SR were similar and lower than that in the untreated control. Net photosynthetic rate decreased under water stress, with values in MR being higher than that in SR, and recovered rapidly to more than 90% of its maximum value following irrigation. Plant growth and fruit yield per plant in MR and SR were lower than that in the control. Water stress treatment could improve fruit quality when it commenced at the anthesis stage or early fruit development stage. Total irrigation amount was a more important parameter than the threshold value for controlling the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
MR irrigation cycles were more frequent than SR cycles.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- moderate wilting–full recovery treatment (MR)e0
- Outcome
- diurnal periodic cyclee0
- Direction
- more frequente0
- Comparator
- severe wilting–full recovery treatment (SR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The diurnal periodic cycle in a moderate wilting–full recovery treatment (MR) with a medium threshold value was more frequent than that in a severe wilting–full recovery treatment (SR) with a high threshold value”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
MR mean daily maximum wilting ratio was 7.2% at a 7% threshold.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRe0
- Outcome
- Mean daily maximum wilting ratiose0
- Value
- 7.2%e0
- Qualifier
- threshold values of 7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean daily maximum wilting ratios for MR and SR were 7.2% and 11.3%, respectively, when wilting ratios were set to threshold values of 7% and 14%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
SR mean daily maximum wilting ratio was 11.3% at a 14% threshold.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SRe0
- Outcome
- Mean daily maximum wilting ratiose0
- Value
- 11.3%e0
- Qualifier
- threshold values of 7% and 14%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean daily maximum wilting ratios for MR and SR were 7.2% and 11.3%, respectively, when wilting ratios were set to threshold values of 7% and 14%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
MR irrigation amount was below the untreated control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRe0
- Outcome
- Total irrigation amountse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total irrigation amounts in MR and SR were similar and lower than that in the untreated control”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
SR irrigation amount was below the untreated control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SRe0
- Outcome
- Total irrigation amountse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total irrigation amounts in MR and SR were similar and lower than that in the untreated control”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate decreased under water stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate decreased under water stress”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
MR photosynthetic rate exceeded SR.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRe0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“values in MR being higher than that in SR”
e1“Net photosynthetic rate decreased under water stress”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate recovered rapidly to over 90% of maximum after irrigation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recovered rapidly to more than 90% of its maximum value following irrigation”
e1“Net photosynthetic rate decreased under water stress”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
MR reduced plant growth and fruit yield per plant versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRe0
- Outcome
- Plant growth and fruit yield per plante0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth and fruit yield per plant in MR and SR were lower than that in the control”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
SR reduced plant growth and fruit yield per plant versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SRe0
- Outcome
- Plant growth and fruit yield per plante0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth and fruit yield per plant in MR and SR were lower than that in the control”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress could improve fruit quality if begun at anthesis or early fruit development.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthesis stage or early fruit development stagee0
- Treatment
- Water stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress treatment could improve fruit quality when it commenced at the anthesis stage or early fruit development stage”
t0“Tomato Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Total irrigation amount was more important than threshold value for controlling tomato growth, yield and quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Total irrigation amounte0
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- more importante0
- Comparator
- threshold valuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total irrigation amount was a more important parameter than the threshold value for controlling the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes”
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