Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum causes wilt disease on Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). This pathogen uses type III effectors to inhibit the plant immune system; however, how individual effectors interfere with plant immune responses, including transcriptional reprograming, remain elusive. Here, we show that the type III effector RipAB targets Arabidopsis TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA) transcription factors, the central regulators of plant immune gene regulation, via physical interaction in the nucleus to dampen immune responses. RipAB was required for R. solanacearum virulence on wild-type tomato and Arabidopsis but not Arabidopsis tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants. Stable expression of RipAB in Arabidopsis suppressed the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and immune gene induction as well as salicylic acid (SA) regulons including RBOHD and RBOHF, responsible for ROS production, all of which were phenocopied by the tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants. We found that TGAs directly activate RBOHD and RBOHF expression and that RipAB inhibits this through interfering with the recruitment of RNA polymerase II. These results suggest that TGAs are the bona fide and major virulence targets of RipAB, which disrupts SA signaling by inhibiting TGA activity to achieve successful infection.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
RipAB physically interacts with Arabidopsis TGA transcription factors in the nucleus.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Interactor
- RipABe0pathogen
- Gene
- TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA)e0
- Outcome
- dampen immune responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RipAB targets Arabidopsis TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA) transcription factors, the central regulators of plant immune gene regulation, via physical interaction in the nucleus to dampen immune responses”
Claim · model-written summary
RipAB was required for R. solanacearum virulence on wild-type tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Gene
- RipABe0
- Outcome
- R. solanacearum virulencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RipAB was required for R. solanacearum virulence on wild-type tomato and Arabidopsis but not Arabidopsis tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
RipAB was required for R. solanacearum virulence on wild-type Arabidopsis but not the named tga mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutantse0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Gene
- RipABe0
- Outcome
- R. solanacearum virulencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RipAB was required for R. solanacearum virulence on wild-type tomato and Arabidopsis but not Arabidopsis tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stable RipAB expression suppressed the ROS burst in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Stable expression of RipABe0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) burste0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stable expression of RipAB in Arabidopsis suppressed the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and immune gene induction as well as salicylic acid (SA) regulons including RBOHD and RBOHF”
Claim · model-written summary
Stable RipAB expression suppressed immune gene induction and SA regulons in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Stable expression of RipABe0
- Gene
- RBOHD and RBOHFe0
- Outcome
- immune gene induction as well as salicylic acid (SA) regulonse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stable expression of RipAB in Arabidopsis suppressed the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and immune gene induction as well as salicylic acid (SA) regulons including RBOHD and RBOHF”
Claim · model-written summary
TGA proteins directly activate RBOHD and RBOHF expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- RBOHD and RBOHFe0
- Outcome
- RBOHD and RBOHF expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TGAs directly activate RBOHD and RBOHF expression”
t0“wilt disease on Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
RipAB inhibits TGA activation of RBOHD and RBOHF by interfering with RNA polymerase II recruitment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- RNA polymerase IIe0
- Outcome
- recruitment of RNA polymerase IIe0
- Qualifier
- interferinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RipAB inhibits this through interfering with the recruitment of RNA polymerase II”
t0“wilt disease on Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato”
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