Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) proteins are ubiquitous in plants, and non-symbiotic class 1 hemoglobin (Hb1) is involved in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, the expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed higher cadmium (Cd) tolerance and lower accumulations of Cd, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited a reduced induction of NO levels in response to Cd, suggesting scavenging of NO by Hb1. In addition, transgenic plants had reduced accumulation of ROS and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) in response to Cd. While the expression of the Cd exporters ABC transporter (PDR8) and Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) was increased, that of the Cd importers iron responsive transporter 1 (IRT1) and P-type 2B Ca2+ ATPase (ACA10) was reduced in response to Cd. When Col-0 plants were treated with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H2O2, the expression pattern of Cd transporters (PDR8, CAX3, IRT1, and ACA10) was reversed, suggesting that NtHb1 expression decreased the Cd level by regulating the expression of Cd transporters via decreased NO and ROS. Correspondingly, NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis showed increased Cd export. In summary, the expression of NtHb1 reduces Cd levels by regulating Cd transporter expression via decreased NO and ROS levels in Arabidopsis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 expression increased cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1e0
- Gene
- NtHb1e0
- Outcome
- cadmium (Cd) tolerancee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed higher cadmium (Cd) tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 expression lowered cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1e0
- Gene
- NtHb1e0
- Outcome
- accumulations of Cde0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed higher cadmium (Cd) tolerance and lower accumulations of Cd, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 expression lowered NO accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1e0
- Gene
- NtHb1e0
- Outcome
- nitric oxide (NO)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed higher cadmium (Cd) tolerance and lower accumulations of Cd, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 expression lowered ROS, including H2O2, accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1e0
- Gene
- NtHb1e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed higher cadmium (Cd) tolerance and lower accumulations of Cd, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 plants had reduced Cd-induced NO induction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- NtHb1-expressinge0
- Outcome
- induction of NO levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in response to Cde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited a reduced induction of NO levels in response to Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 plants accumulated less ROS in response to Cd.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- NtHb1-expressinge1
- Outcome
- accumulation of ROSe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in response to Cde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic plants had reduced accumulation of ROS and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) in response to Cd”
e1“NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 plants had increased activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase after Cd.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- NtHb1-expressinge1
- Gene
- catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductasee0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidative enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in response to Cde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic plants had reduced accumulation of ROS and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) in response to Cd”
e1“NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd increased expression of the exporter PDR8.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ABC transporter (PDR8)e0
- Outcome
- expression of the Cd exporters ABC transporter (PDR8)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of the Cd exporters ABC transporter (PDR8) and Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) was increased”
e1“NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd increased expression of CAX exchangers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs)e0
- Outcome
- expression of the Cd exporters ABC transporter (PDR8) and Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of the Cd exporters ABC transporter (PDR8) and Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) was increased”
e1“NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and H2O2 reversed Cd transporter expression patterns in Col-0.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- Col-0e0
- Treatment
- NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H2O2e0
- Outcome
- expression pattern of Cd transporters (PDR8, CAX3, IRT1, and ACA10)e0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When Col-0 plants were treated with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H2O2, the expression pattern of Cd transporters (PDR8, CAX3, IRT1, and ACA10) was reversed”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NtHb1 expression increased Cd export.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- NtHb1-expressinge0
- Gene
- NtHb1e0
- Outcome
- Cd exporte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis showed increased Cd export”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that NtHb1 reduces Cd levels by changing transporter expression through reduced NO and ROS.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- NtHb1e0
- Outcome
- Cd levelse0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Qualifier
- regulating Cd transporter expression via decreased NO and ROS levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of NtHb1 reduces Cd levels by regulating Cd transporter expression via decreased NO and ROS levels in Arabidopsis”
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