Abstract
Calcium (Ca) is an important structural component of plant cell walls and an intracellular messenger in plants and animals. Therefore, plants tightly control the balance of Ca by regulating Ca uptake and its transfer from cell to cell and organ to organ. Here, we propose that Brassica juncea PCR1 (PCR1), a member of the plant cadmium resistance (PCR) protein family in Indian mustard, is a Ca(2+) efflux transporter that is required for the efficient radial transfer of Ca(2+) in the root and is implicated in the translocation of Ca to the shoot. Knock-down lines of BjPCR1 were greatly stunted and translocated less Ca to the shoot than did the corresponding WT. The localization of BjPCR1 to the plasma membrane and the preferential expression of BjPCR1 in the root epidermal cells of WT plants suggest that BjPCR1 antisense plants could not efficiently transfer Ca(2+) from the root epidermis to the cells located inside the root. Protoplasts isolated from BjPCR1 antisense lines had lower Ca(2+) efflux activity than did those of the WT, and membrane vesicles isolated from BjPCR1-expressing yeast exhibited increased Ca(2+) transport activity. Inhibitor studies, together with theoretical considerations, indicate that BjPCR1 exports one Ca(2+) in exchange for three protons. Root hair-specific expression of BjPCR1 in Arabidopsis results in plants that exhibit increased Ca(2+) resistance and translocation. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that BjPCR1 is an exporter required for the translocation of Ca(2+) from the root epidermis to the inner cells, and ultimately to the shoot.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
BjPCR1 knock-down lines were greatly stunted compared with WT.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea
Brassica junceat0 - Material
- Knock-down lines of BjPCR1e0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- greatly stuntede0
- Direction
- stuntede0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knock-down lines of BjPCR1 were greatly stunted and translocated less Ca to the shoot than did the corresponding WT.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
BjPCR1 knock-down lines translocated less Ca to shoots than WT.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Material
- Knock-down lines of BjPCR1e0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- translocated less Ca to the shoote0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knock-down lines of BjPCR1 were greatly stunted and translocated less Ca to the shoot than did the corresponding WT.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
BjPCR1 localized to the plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- localization of BjPCR1 to the plasma membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The localization of BjPCR1 to the plasma membrane and the preferential expression of BjPCR1 in the root epidermal cells of WT plants suggest that BjPCR1 antisense plants could not efficiently transfer Ca(2+) from the root epidermis to the cells located inside the root.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
BjPCR1 was preferentially expressed in root epidermal cells of WT plants.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- root epidermal cellse0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- preferential expression of BjPCR1 in the root epidermal cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The localization of BjPCR1 to the plasma membrane and the preferential expression of BjPCR1 in the root epidermal cells of WT plants suggest that BjPCR1 antisense plants could not efficiently transfer Ca(2+) from the root epidermis to the cells located inside the root.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that BjPCR1 antisense plants inefficiently transfer calcium inward from the root epidermis.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Material
- BjPCR1 antisense plantse0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- could not efficiently transfer Ca(2+) from the root epidermis to the cells located inside the roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The localization of BjPCR1 to the plasma membrane and the preferential expression of BjPCR1 in the root epidermal cells of WT plants suggest that BjPCR1 antisense plants could not efficiently transfer Ca(2+) from the root epidermis to the cells located inside the root.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
BjPCR1 antisense protoplasts had lower calcium efflux activity than WT.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Material
- BjPCR1 antisense linese0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) efflux activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protoplasts isolated from BjPCR1 antisense lines had lower Ca(2+) efflux activity than did those of the WT, and membrane vesicles isolated from BjPCR1-expressing yeast exhibited increased Ca(2+) transport activity.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane vesicles from BjPCR1-expressing yeast had increased calcium transport activity.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Material
- BjPCR1-expressing yeaste0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) transport activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protoplasts isolated from BjPCR1 antisense lines had lower Ca(2+) efflux activity than did those of the WT, and membrane vesicles isolated from BjPCR1-expressing yeast exhibited increased Ca(2+) transport activity.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitor studies and theory indicate that BjPCR1 exchanges one calcium ion for three protons.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- exports one Ca(2+) in exchange for three protonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibitor studies, together with theoretical considerations, indicate that BjPCR1 exports one Ca(2+) in exchange for three protons.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hair-specific BjPCR1 expression increased calcium resistance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Root hair-specific expression of BjPCR1e0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair-specific expression of BjPCR1 in Arabidopsis results in plants that exhibit increased Ca(2+) resistance and translocation.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hair-specific BjPCR1 expression increased calcium translocation in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Root hair-specific expression of BjPCR1e0
- Gene
- BjPCR1e0
- Outcome
- translocatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair-specific expression of BjPCR1 in Arabidopsis results in plants that exhibit increased Ca(2+) resistance and translocation.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that Brassica juncea PCR1 is a calcium efflux transporter required for radial calcium transfer.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceae0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Gene
- Brassica juncea PCR1e0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) efflux transportere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we propose that Brassica juncea PCR1 (PCR1), a member of the plant cadmium resistance (PCR) protein family in Indian mustard, is a Ca(2+) efflux transporter that is required for the efficient radial transfer of Ca(2+) in the root and is implicated in the translocation of Ca to the shoot.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
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