Abstract
The prevalence of maize, wheat and other cereal crops in Ontario, Canada, has led to frequent epidemics of ear rot and head blight disease caused by the broad host pathogen Fusarium graminearum. This fungus produces the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) which is one of the most common mycotoxins contaminating food and feed globally and poses a risk to human and animal health. DON is commonly glycosylated by plant hosts into deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) as part of a defence mechanism to detoxify and sequester mycotoxins. However, it has been documented that DON-3G can be hydrolyzed in the digestive system of animals, increasing the bioavailability of DON. There is a need for additional documentation of the incidence and ratio of DON-3G to DON in Canadian cereal crops. We investigated the occurrence and relative proportion of DON and modified DON compounds in Canadian-adapted maize germplasm with a wide range of ear rot tolerance. Forty-nine maize inbreds were manually challenged (kernel inoculation) with F. graminearum (15-ADON chemotype) as well as phenotyped for tolerance to Gibberella ear rot (GER) under field conditions. LC/MS was used to analyse 581 maize samples for DON, DON-3G, 15-ADON, and 15-ADON-3G. The DON-3G to DON mean molar ratio ranged from 3.1 to 19.7%. DON content was positively correlated with GER disease severity (r = 0.66, p < 0.01), while the DON-3G:DON molar ratio and disease severity were negatively correlated (r = −0.64, p < 0.001). Thus, GER-tolerant maize genotypes had relatively lower total DON content and higher DON-3G:DON ratios.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The DON-3G to DON mean molar ratio in inoculated maize ranged from 3.1 to 19.7%.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Canadian maize inbreds”
e1“The DON-3G to DON mean molar ratio ranged from 3.1 to 19.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
DON content was positively correlated with Gibberella ear rot disease severity in maize inbreds.
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Compound
- DONe2
- Outcome
- GER disease severitye2
- Direction
- positively correlatede2
- Value
- r = 0.66, p < 0.01e2
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Canadian maize inbreds”
e0“Forty-nine maize inbreds were manually challenged (kernel inoculation) with F. graminearum (15-ADON chemotype) as well as phenotyped for tolerance to Gibberella ear rot (GER) under field conditions”
e2“DON content was positively correlated with GER disease severity (r = 0.66, p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
The DON-3G:DON molar ratio was negatively correlated with Gibberella ear rot disease severity in maize inbreds.
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Compound
- DON-3G:DON molar ratioe3
- Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- negatively correlatede3
- Value
- r = −0.64, p < 0.001e3
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Canadian maize inbreds”
e0“Forty-nine maize inbreds were manually challenged (kernel inoculation) with F. graminearum (15-ADON chemotype) as well as phenotyped for tolerance to Gibberella ear rot (GER) under field conditions”
e3“the DON-3G:DON molar ratio and disease severity were negatively correlated (r = −0.64, p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberella ear rot-tolerant maize genotypes had lower total DON content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Canadian maize inbreds”
e4“Thus, GER-tolerant maize genotypes had relatively lower total DON content and higher DON-3G:DON ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberella ear rot-tolerant maize genotypes had higher DON-3G:DON ratios.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Canadian maize inbreds”
e4“Thus, GER-tolerant maize genotypes had relatively lower total DON content and higher DON-3G:DON ratios”