Abstract
Salinity is a major constraint to crop growth and productivity, limiting sustainable agriculture production. Planting canola ( Brassica napus L.) variety with salinity-alkalinity tolerance as a green manure on the large area of salinity-affected land in Xinjiang could alleviate feed shortage. To investigate the differential effects of neutral and alkaline salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of canola, we used two salts at varying concentrations, i.e., NaCl (neutral salt at 100, 150, and 200 mM) and Na 2 CO 3 (alkaline salt at 20, 30, and 40 mM). To further explore the effects of Na + and pH on seed germination, we included combined of NaCl (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and pH (7.1, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0). Shoot growth was promoted by low concentrations of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 but inhibited at high salt concentrations. Given the same Na + concentration, Na 2 CO 3 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth more than NaCl. The results showed that the main factor affecting seed germination and seedling growth is not pH alone, but the interaction between pH and salt ions. Under NaCl stress, canola increased the absorption of K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ in roots and K + in leaves. However, under Na 2 CO 3 stress, canola maintained a high K + concentration and K + /Na + ratio in leaves and increased Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in roots. Our study showed that alkaline salts inhibit canola seed germination and seedling growth more significantly than neutral salts and salt species, salt concentration, and pH significantly affected on seed germination and seedling growth. However, pH affected seed germination and seedling growth mainly through an interaction with salt ions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of NaCl promoted canola shoot growth.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Qualifier
- low concentrationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e1“Shoot growth was promoted by low concentrations of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 but inhibited at high salt concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of Na2CO3 promoted canola shoot growth.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3e1
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Qualifier
- low concentrationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e1“Shoot growth was promoted by low concentrations of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 but inhibited at high salt concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt concentrations inhibited canola shoot growth.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- high salt concentrationse1
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e1“Shoot growth was promoted by low concentrations of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 but inhibited at high salt concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 inhibited canola seed germination and seedling growth more than NaCl at the same Na+ concentration.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3e2
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- Given the same Na + concentratione2
- Comparator
- NaCle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e2“Given the same Na + concentration, Na 2 CO 3 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth more than NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt concentration significantly affected canola seed germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- salt concentratione3
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e3“salt species, salt concentration, and pH significantly affected on seed germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The main factor affecting canola germination and seedling growth is the interaction between pH and salt ions, not pH alone.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe4
- Qualifier
- the interaction between pH and salt ionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e4“The results showed that the main factor affecting seed germination and seedling growth is not pH alone, but the interaction between pH and salt ions.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased absorption of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in canola roots.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse5
- Outcome
- absorptione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e5“Under NaCl stress, canola increased the absorption of K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ in roots and K + in leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased K+ absorption in canola leaves.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse5
- Outcome
- absorptione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- K +e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e5“Under NaCl stress, canola increased the absorption of K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ in roots and K + in leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 stress maintained a high K+ concentration and K+/Na+ ratio in canola leaves.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3 stresse6
- Outcome
- K + concentration and K + /Na + ratioe6
- Direction
- maintained a highe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e6“However, under Na 2 CO 3 stress, canola maintained a high K + concentration and K + /Na + ratio in leaves and increased Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 stress increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ in canola roots.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3 stresse6
- Outcome
- Ca 2+ and Mg 2+e6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt”
e6“However, under Na 2 CO 3 stress, canola maintained a high K + concentration and K + /Na + ratio in leaves and increased Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in roots.”
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