Abstract
Melatonin (MT) treatment (100 µM, 2 h) was applied to four mango fruit cultivars (‘Langra’, ‘Chaunsa’, ‘Dashehari’, and ‘Gulab Jamun’), before being stored at 5 ± 1 °C for 28 d, in order to alleviate chilling injury (CI). Maximum CI reduction was observed in ‘Langra’ mangoes, and minimum in ‘Gulab Jamun’ mangoes. This positive effect on quality preservation was associated with an increased concentration of endogenous MT, which prevented the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2·−) and stimulated non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids), possibly due to higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase. Increased antioxidant activity was also documented in MT-treated ‘Langra’ mangoes, according to four different assays (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC) and higher activity of six antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase). In contrast, ‘Gulab Jamun’ mangoes showed minimal or no positive effects on the aforementioned variables in response to the exogenous MT application. ‘Chaunsa’ and ‘Dashehari’ mangoes had some intermediate effects on their antioxidant system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and alleviation of CI, when treated with exogenous MT. We conclude that exogenous MT exerts a cultivar-dependent stimulating effect on the antioxidant system of mangoes, which results in an increase in the fruits’ resistance to low temperature.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-storage melatonin gave the largest chilling-injury reduction in Langra mangoes
- Taxon
- Mango
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Mangifera indicat0 - Material
- Langrae1
- Treatment
- Melatonin (MT)e0
- Outcome
- CI reductione1
- Direction
- Maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e0“Melatonin (MT) treatment (100 µM, 2 h) was applied to four mango fruit cultivars”
e1“Maximum CI reduction was observed in ‘Langra’ mangoes, and minimum in ‘Gulab Jamun’ mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-storage melatonin gave the smallest chilling-injury reduction in Gulab Jamun mangoes
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- Gulab Jamune1
- Treatment
- Melatonin (MT)e0
- Outcome
- CI reductione1
- Direction
- minimume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e0“Melatonin (MT) treatment (100 µM, 2 h) was applied to four mango fruit cultivars”
e1“Maximum CI reduction was observed in ‘Langra’ mangoes, and minimum in ‘Gulab Jamun’ mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous MT concentration was increased in association with quality preservation
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Compound
- endogenous MTe2
- Outcome
- concentration of endogenous MTe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e2“This positive effect on quality preservation was associated with an increased concentration of endogenous MT”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment prevented reactive oxygen species accumulation in mango fruit
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Melatonin (MT)e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese2
- Direction
- preventede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e0“Melatonin (MT) treatment (100 µM, 2 h) was applied to four mango fruit cultivars”
e2“which prevented the accumulation of reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment stimulated non-enzymatic antioxidants in mango fruit
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Melatonin (MT)e0
- Compound
- total phenolic compounds and total flavonoidse2
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic antioxidantse2
- Direction
- stimulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e0“Melatonin (MT) treatment (100 µM, 2 h) was applied to four mango fruit cultivars”
e2“stimulated non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase possibly explains the rise in non-enzymatic antioxidants
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyasee3
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic antioxidantse2
- Qualifier
- possibly due to higher activitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e2“stimulated non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids)”
e3“possibly due to higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity was increased in melatonin-treated Langra mangoes across four assays
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- Langrae3
- Treatment
- MTe3
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye3
- Direction
- Increasede3
- Qualifier
- according to four different assays (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC)e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e3“Increased antioxidant activity was also documented in MT-treated ‘Langra’ mangoes, according to four different assays (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-treated Langra mangoes had higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- Langrae3
- Treatment
- MTe3
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidasee4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e3“Increased antioxidant activity was also documented in MT-treated ‘Langra’ mangoes, according to four different assays (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC)”
e4“higher activity of six antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-treated Langra mangoes had higher activity of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- Langrae3
- Treatment
- MTe3
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductasee4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e3“Increased antioxidant activity was also documented in MT-treated ‘Langra’ mangoes, according to four different assays (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC)”
e4“higher activity of six antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin had minimal or no positive effect on the antioxidant variables in Gulab Jamun mangoes
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- Gulab Jamune5
- Treatment
- exogenous MT applicatione5
- Outcome
- aforementioned variablese5
- Direction
- minimal or no positive effectse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e5“‘Gulab Jamun’ mangoes showed minimal or no positive effects on the aforementioned variables in response to the exogenous MT application”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin had some intermediate effects on the antioxidant system and chilling-injury alleviation in Chaunsa mangoes
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- Chaunsae6
- Treatment
- exogenous MTe6
- Outcome
- antioxidant systeme6
- Direction
- intermediate effectse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e6“‘Chaunsa’ and ‘Dashehari’ mangoes had some intermediate effects on their antioxidant system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and alleviation of CI, when treated with exogenous MT”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin had some intermediate effects on the antioxidant system and chilling-injury alleviation in Dashehari mangoes
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- Dasheharie6
- Treatment
- exogenous MTe6
- Outcome
- antioxidant systeme6
- Direction
- intermediate effectse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e6“‘Chaunsa’ and ‘Dashehari’ mangoes had some intermediate effects on their antioxidant system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and alleviation of CI, when treated with exogenous MT”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin raises mango resistance to low temperature through a cultivar-dependent antioxidant effect
- Taxon
- mangoesMangifera indicae7
- Treatment
- exogenous MTe7
- Outcome
- resistance to low temperaturee7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- cultivar-dependente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An Exogenous Pre-Storage Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury in Some Mango Fruit Cultivars, by Acting on the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System”
e7“exogenous MT exerts a cultivar-dependent stimulating effect on the antioxidant system of mangoes, which results in an increase in the fruits’ resistance to low temperature”
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