Abstract
The cultivations of cucumber seedlings , Hesham cv ., on compacted rice straw bales were carried out in unheated plastic greenhouses in EL – Nuberia / Beheira Governorate and Abo – Khalifa / Ismailia Governorate during the winter season of 2007 . The occurrence of basal stem rot, root rot, wilt and root knot nematodes in cucumber plants grown in rice straw bales (mean of the two locations) reached 1.05, 0.62, 0.35 and 0.27 %, respectively. However, the corresponding figures for cucumber plants grown in natural infested soil under the same conditions were 12.37, 11.52, 23.3 and 16.62 %, respectively. Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium ultimum were the most common microorganisms invading cucumber roots as they recorded the highest rates during isolation reached about 48 and 36 %, respectively. Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani occurred in less frequency recorded 24 and12 %, respectively of total count of fungal colonies developed from 25 tested samples. Pathogenicity test proved that all pathogens are pathogenic to cucumber causing pre and post emergence damping off, root rot and wilt of adult plants. Determination of pathogenic nematodes in natural soil and rice straw bales recorded the presence of 360 juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and 70 juvenile (J2) of Tylenchorhynchus sp. per 250 g natural soil (average of two locations). However, the pathogenic nematodes were absent in rice straw . The temperature degrees around roots in rice straw bales increased by about 3 to 5 Co compared to those cultivated in the natural soil during the winter season. This favored the plant growth, increasing fresh weight,plant height and the development of leaves. It influenced the number of fruits and finally the yield that was considerably higher in rice straw bales than that in natural soil. Due to the higher temperature in rice straw bales the phenomenon of fruit abortion was completely absent. Cucumber plants grown in rice straw bales recorded lower E.C. (ppm) value around the roots compared with natural soil during different stages of cucumber development. In the natural soil, EC value increased with increasing the plant age .Accumulation of excessive amounts of nutrients takes place in natural soil ( 3.63 EC equal to 2320 ppm) more than in rice straw bales (2.19 EC. equal to1400 ppm). The pH value around the roots of cucumber plants grown in straw bales ranged from 6.3 to 6.6 (slightly acidic substrate). However, the pH around the roots of cucumber plants grown in natural soil ranged from 7.4 to 8.4 (alkaline soil).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Basal stem rot incidence was 1.05% in straw bales versus 12.37% in soil.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- rice straw balese0
- Outcome
- basal stem rote0
- Value
- 1.05e0
- Qualifier
- 12.37e0
- Comparator
- natural infested soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of basal stem rot, root rot, wilt and root knot nematodes in cucumber plants grown in rice straw bales (mean of the two locations) reached 1.05, 0.62, 0.35 and 0.27 %, respectively. However, the corresponding figures for cucumber plants grown in natural infested soil under the same conditions were 12.37, 11.52, 23.3 and 16.62 %, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root rot incidence was 0.62% in straw bales versus 11.52% in soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- rice straw balese0
- Outcome
- root rote0
- Value
- 0.62e0
- Qualifier
- 11.52e0
- Comparator
- natural infested soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of basal stem rot, root rot, wilt and root knot nematodes in cucumber plants grown in rice straw bales (mean of the two locations) reached 1.05, 0.62, 0.35 and 0.27 %, respectively. However, the corresponding figures for cucumber plants grown in natural infested soil under the same conditions were 12.37, 11.52, 23.3 and 16.62 %, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wilt incidence was 0.35% in straw bales versus 23.3% in soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- rice straw balese0
- Outcome
- wilte0
- Value
- 0.35e0
- Qualifier
- 23.3e0
- Comparator
- natural infested soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of basal stem rot, root rot, wilt and root knot nematodes in cucumber plants grown in rice straw bales (mean of the two locations) reached 1.05, 0.62, 0.35 and 0.27 %, respectively. However, the corresponding figures for cucumber plants grown in natural infested soil under the same conditions were 12.37, 11.52, 23.3 and 16.62 %, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root knot nematode incidence was 0.27% in straw bales versus 16.62% in soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- rice straw balese0
- Outcome
- root knot nematodese0
- Value
- 0.27e0
- Qualifier
- 16.62e0
- Comparator
- natural infested soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of basal stem rot, root rot, wilt and root knot nematodes in cucumber plants grown in rice straw bales (mean of the two locations) reached 1.05, 0.62, 0.35 and 0.27 %, respectively. However, the corresponding figures for cucumber plants grown in natural infested soil under the same conditions were 12.37, 11.52, 23.3 and 16.62 %, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium oxysporum was a common root invader at about 48% of isolations.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium oxysporume0
- Value
- 48e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium ultimum were the most common microorganisms invading cucumber roots as they recorded the highest rates during isolation reached about 48 and 36 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium ultimum was a common root invader at about 36% of isolations.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Pythium ultimume0
- Value
- 36e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium ultimum were the most common microorganisms invading cucumber roots as they recorded the highest rates during isolation reached about 48 and 36 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani occurred in 24% of fungal colonies.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizoctonia solanie0
- Value
- 24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani occurred in less frequency recorded 24 and12 %, respectively of total count of fungal colonies developed from 25 tested samples”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani occurred in 12% of fungal colonies.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Fusarium solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium solanie0
- Value
- 12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani occurred in less frequency recorded 24 and12 %, respectively of total count of fungal colonies developed from 25 tested samples”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested pathogens caused cucumber damping off, root rot and adult wilt.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- pre and post emergence damping off, root rot and wilt of adult plantse0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity test proved that all pathogens are pathogenic to cucumber causing pre and post emergence damping off, root rot and wilt of adult plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural soil had 360 Meloidogyne juveniles per 250 g.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pest - Outcome
- juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp.e0
- Value
- 360e0
- Setting
- natural soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“360 juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and 70 juvenile (J2) of Tylenchorhynchus sp. per 250 g natural soil”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural soil had 70 Tylenchorhynchus juveniles per 250 g.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Tylenchorhynchus sp.Tylenchorhynchuse0pest
- Outcome
- juvenile (J2) of Tylenchorhynchus sp.e0
- Value
- 70e0
- Setting
- natural soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“360 juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and 70 juvenile (J2) of Tylenchorhynchus sp. per 250 g natural soil”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogenic nematodes were absent from straw.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- pathogenic nematodes were absente0
- Setting
- rice strawe0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathogenic nematodes were absent in rice straw”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-zone temperature in straw bales was about 3 to 5 Co higher than in soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- rice straw balese0
- Outcome
- temperature degrees around rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3 to 5 Coe0
- Comparator
- natural soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The temperature degrees around roots in rice straw bales increased by about 3 to 5 Co compared to those cultivated in the natural soil during the winter season”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw bales favored fresh weight, plant height and leaf development.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- rice straw balest0
- Outcome
- fresh weight,plant height and the development of leavese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This favored the plant growth, increasing fresh weight,plant height and the development of leaves”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit number and cucumber yield were higher in straw bales than soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- rice straw balese0
- Outcome
- number of fruits and finally the yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- natural soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It influenced the number of fruits and finally the yield that was considerably higher in rice straw bales than that in natural soil”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit abortion was absent in straw bales.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- fruit abortion was completely absente0
- Setting
- rice straw balese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Due to the higher temperature in rice straw bales the phenomenon of fruit abortion was completely absent”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-zone EC was lower in straw bales than in soil.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- rice straw balese0
- Outcome
- E.C. (ppm) value around the rootse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- natural soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plants grown in rice straw bales recorded lower E.C. (ppm) value around the roots compared with natural soil during different stages of cucumber development”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil EC rose as cucumber plants aged.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- plant agee0
- Outcome
- EC valuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- natural soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the natural soil, EC value increased with increasing the plant age”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient accumulation was greater in soil, with EC 3.63 versus 2.19 in straw bales.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- natural soile0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of excessive amounts of nutrientse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2320 ppme0
- Qualifier
- 1400 ppme0
- Comparator
- rice straw balese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of excessive amounts of nutrients takes place in natural soil ( 3.63 EC equal to 2320 ppm) more than in rice straw bales (2.19 EC. equal to1400 ppm)”
t0“PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND NEMATODES AFFECTING ROOTS OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN COMPACTED RICE STRAW BALES COMPARED WITH NATURAL SOILS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-zone pH was 6.3–6.6 in straw bales and 7.4–8.4 in natural soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- straw balese0
- Outcome
- pH value around the rootse0
- Value
- 6.3 to 6.6e0
- Qualifier
- 7.4 to 8.4e0
- Comparator
- natural soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pH value around the roots of cucumber plants grown in straw bales ranged from 6.3 to 6.6 (slightly acidic substrate). However, the pH around the roots of cucumber plants grown in natural soil ranged from 7.4 to 8.4 (alkaline soil).”
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