Abstract
The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is the causal agent of charcoal rot in many crops, such as strawberries and beans. Symptoms include stem and root rot and chlorotic foliage. This disease’s management is complicated because the pathogen forms resistant microsclerotia. This work aimed to obtain bacterial isolates for the biocontrol of M. phaseolina in arid regions. Two strains that grew well under low pH and high salinity, named BsA3MX and BsC11MX, were isolated and identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, based on their morphology and analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA. Both strains inhibited M. phaseolina up to 66.8% in vitro through the combined action of volatile and diffusible compounds. Furthermore, they produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), have ACC-deaminase activity, solubilize phosphate and zinc, and decrease microsclerotia germination. Moreover, in greenhouse assays using cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata L.), strain BsA3MX reduced lesions caused by M. phaseolina and induced a significant increase in foliage and root biomass. Overall, these results suggest B. amyloliquefaciens BsA3MX and BsC11MX can be used as biological control agents against M. phaseolina in arid zones.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Both Bacillus strains inhibited M. phaseolina by up to 66.8% in vitro.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- strainse1
- Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
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Bacillus amyloliquefacienst1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- M. phaseolinae1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 66.8%e1
- Qualifier
- through the combined action of volatile and diffusible compoundse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
t1“Using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strains”
e1“Both strains inhibited M. phaseolina up to 66.8% in vitro through the combined action of volatile and diffusible compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus strains decreased M. phaseolina microsclerotia germination.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- microsclerotia germinatione2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e1“Both strains inhibited M. phaseolina up to 66.8% in vitro through the combined action of volatile and diffusible compounds”
e2“Furthermore, they produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), have ACC-deaminase activity, solubilize phosphate and zinc, and decrease microsclerotia germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus strains produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“Furthermore, they produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), have ACC-deaminase activity, solubilize phosphate and zinc, and decrease microsclerotia germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus strains solubilize phosphate and zinc.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- solubilize phosphate and zince2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“Furthermore, they produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), have ACC-deaminase activity, solubilize phosphate and zinc, and decrease microsclerotia germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus strains have ACC-deaminase activity.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- have ACC-deaminase activitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“Furthermore, they produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), have ACC-deaminase activity, solubilize phosphate and zinc, and decrease microsclerotia germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain BsA3MX reduced lesions caused by M. phaseolina on greenhouse cowpea plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- strain BsA3MXe3
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae3pathogen
- Outcome
- lesions caused by M. phaseolinae3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Setting
- greenhouse assayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“in greenhouse assays using cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata L.), strain BsA3MX reduced lesions caused by M. phaseolina and induced a significant increase in foliage and root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain BsA3MX significantly increased foliage and root biomass of greenhouse cowpea plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- strain BsA3MXe3
- Outcome
- foliage and root biomasse3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“in greenhouse assays using cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata L.), strain BsA3MX reduced lesions caused by M. phaseolina and induced a significant increase in foliage and root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Strains BsA3MX and BsC11MX can be used as biological control agents against M. phaseolina in arid zones.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- can be used as biological control agents against M. phaseolinae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e4“B. amyloliquefaciens BsA3MX and BsC11MX can be used as biological control agents against M. phaseolina in arid zones”
Claim · model-written summary
Two strains that grew well under low pH and high salinity were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- identified as B. amyloliquefaciense5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e5“Two strains that grew well under low pH and high salinity, named BsA3MX and BsC11MX, were isolated and identified as B. amyloliquefaciens”