Abstract
Salinity is a global issue limiting efficient agricultural production. Nano-enabled plant salt tolerance is a hot topic. However, the role of nanoparticles induced possible early stimulation on antioxidant system in its improved plant salt tolerance is still largely unknown. Here, poly (acrylic) acid coated nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles) (PNC, 7.8 nm, −31 mV) with potent ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging ability are used. Compared with control, no significant difference of H2O2 and O2•─ content, MDA (malondialdehyde) content, relative electric conductivity, and Fv/Fm was found in leaves and/or roots of cucumber before onset of salinity stress, regardless of leaf or root application of PNC. While, before onset of salinity stress, compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change), and the content of GSH (glutathione, up to 3.0 folds change) and ASA (ascorbic acid, up to 2.4 folds change) in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased. RNA seq analysis further confirmed that PNC foliar spray upregulates more genes in leaves over roots than the root application. These results showed that foliar sprayed PNC have stronger early stimulation effect on antioxidant system than the root applied one and leaf are more sensitive to PNC stimulation than root. After salt stress, cucumber plants with foliar sprayed PNC showed better improvement in salt tolerance than the root applied one. Also, plants with foliar sprayed PNC showed significant higher whole plant cerium content than the root applied one after salt stress. In summary, we showed that foliar spray of nanoceria is more optimal than root application in terms of improving cucumber salt tolerance, and this improvement is associated with better stimulation on antioxidant system in plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Before salinity stress, H2O2 and O2•─ content in cucumber did not differ significantly from control, regardless of leaf or root application of PNC.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse3 - Treatment
- leaf or root application of PNCe2
- Outcome
- H2O2 and O2•─ contente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with control, no significant difference of H2O2 and O2•─ content”
e2“regardless of leaf or root application of PNC”
e3“in leaves and/or roots of cucumber before onset of salinity stress, regardless of leaf or root application of PNC”
Claim · model-written summary
Before salinity stress, MDA content, relative electric conductivity and Fv/Fm did not differ significantly from control, regardless of PNC application.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- leaf or root application of PNCe2
- Outcome
- MDA (malondialdehyde) content, relative electric conductivity, and Fv/Fme1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with control, no significant difference of H2O2 and O2•─ content, MDA (malondialdehyde) content, relative electric conductivity, and Fv/Fm”
e2“regardless of leaf or root application of PNC”
e3“in leaves and/or roots of cucumber before onset of salinity stress, regardless of leaf or root application of PNC”
Claim · model-written summary
PNC leaf spray or root application significantly increased SOD activity in cucumber, up to 1.8-fold over control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- PNC leaf spray or root applicatione2
- Outcome
- activities of SODe1
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- up to 1.8 folds changee1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change)”
e2“in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
PNC leaf spray or root application significantly increased POD activity in cucumber, up to 2.5-fold over control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- PNC leaf spray or root applicatione2
- Outcome
- PODe1
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- up to 2.5 folds changee1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change)”
e2“in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
PNC leaf spray or root application significantly increased CAT activity in cucumber, up to 2.3-fold over control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- PNC leaf spray or root applicatione2
- Outcome
- CATe1
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- up to 2.3 folds changee1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change)”
e2“in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
PNC leaf spray or root application significantly increased GSH content in cucumber, up to 3.0-fold over control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- PNC leaf spray or root applicatione2
- Outcome
- the content of GSHe3
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- up to 3.0 folds changee3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change)”
e2“in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased”
e3“the content of GSH (glutathione, up to 3.0 folds change) and ASA (ascorbic acid, up to 2.4 folds change)”
Claim · model-written summary
PNC leaf spray or root application significantly increased ASA content in cucumber, up to 2.4-fold over control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- PNC leaf spray or root applicatione2
- Outcome
- ASAe3
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- up to 2.4 folds changee3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change)”
e2“in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased”
e3“the content of GSH (glutathione, up to 3.0 folds change) and ASA (ascorbic acid, up to 2.4 folds change)”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-seq showed that foliar-sprayed PNC upregulates more genes in cucumber leaves than root application.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- PNC foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- genese1
- Direction
- upregulatese1
- Comparator
- root applicatione1
Not reportedGene
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CeO2 nanoparticles improved cucumber salt tolerance”
e1“RNA seq analysis further confirmed that PNC foliar spray upregulates more genes in leaves over roots than the root application”
Claim · model-written summary
After salt stress, foliar-sprayed PNC gave cucumber better improvement in salt tolerance than root application.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- foliar sprayed PNCe1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Direction
- better improvemente1
- Comparator
- root applied onee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CeO2 nanoparticles improved cucumber salt tolerance”
e1“After salt stress, cucumber plants with foliar sprayed PNC showed better improvement in salt tolerance than the root applied one”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-sprayed PNC gave cucumber significantly higher whole plant cerium content than root application after salt stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- foliar sprayed PNCe1
- Outcome
- whole plant cerium contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- root applied onee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CeO2 nanoparticles improved cucumber salt tolerance”
e1“plants with foliar sprayed PNC showed significant higher whole plant cerium content than the root applied one”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that foliar spray of nanoceria is more optimal than root application for improving cucumber salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of nanoceriae1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Comparator
- root applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“foliar spray of nanoceria is more optimal than root application in terms of improving cucumber salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-sprayed PNC has a stronger early stimulation effect on the cucumber antioxidant system than root application.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- foliar sprayed PNCe1
- Outcome
- early stimulation effect on antioxidant systeme1
- Direction
- strongere1
- Comparator
- root applied onee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CeO2 nanoparticles improved cucumber salt tolerance”
e1“foliar sprayed PNC have stronger early stimulation effect on antioxidant system than the root applied one”
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.