Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, symbionts of most land plants, increase plant fitness in metal contaminated soils. To further understand the mechanisms of metal tolerance in the AM symbiosis, the expression patterns of the maize Heavy Metal ATPase (HMA) family members and the ionomes of non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants grown under different Cu supplies were examined. Expression of ZmHMA5a and ZmHMA5b, whose encoded proteins were predicted to be localized at the plasma membrane, was up-regulated by Cu in non-mycorrhizal roots and to a lower extent in mycorrhizal roots. Gene expression of the tonoplast ZmHMA3a and ZmHMA4 isoforms was up-regulated by Cu-toxicity in shoots and roots of mycorrhizal plants. AM mitigates the changes induced by Cu toxicity on the maize ionome, specially at the highest Cu soil concentration. Altogether these data suggest that in Cu-contaminated soils, AM increases expression of the HMA genes putatively encoding proteins involved in Cu detoxification and balances mineral nutrient uptake improving the nutritional status of the maize plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
ZmHMA5a and ZmHMA5b proteins were predicted to localize at the plasma membrane.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of ZmHMA5a and ZmHMA5b, whose encoded proteins were predicted to be localized at the plasma membrane”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu up-regulated ZmHMA5a and ZmHMA5b expression in non-mycorrhizal roots, with a smaller response in mycorrhizal roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Interactor
- AMe1symbiont
- Gene
- ZmHMA5a and ZmHMA5be0
- Outcome
- Expression of ZmHMA5a and ZmHMA5be0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- to a lower extent in mycorrhizal rootse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of ZmHMA5a and ZmHMA5b, whose encoded proteins were predicted to be localized at the plasma membrane, was up-regulated by Cu in non-mycorrhizal roots and to a lower extent in mycorrhizal roots.”
t0“maize”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu toxicity up-regulated tonoplast ZmHMA3a and ZmHMA4 expression in shoots and roots of mycorrhizal plants.
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- Cu-toxicitye0
- Interactor
- AMe1symbiont
- Gene
- ZmHMA3a and ZmHMA4e0
- Outcome
- Gene expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expression of the tonoplast ZmHMA3a and ZmHMA4 isoforms was up-regulated by Cu-toxicity in shoots and roots of mycorrhizal plants.”
t0“maize”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
AM mitigated copper toxicity-induced changes in the maize ionome, especially at the highest soil Cu concentration.
- Treatment
- AMe0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- maize ionomee0
- Direction
- mitigatese0
- Qualifier
- specially at the highest Cu soil concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM mitigates the changes induced by Cu toxicity on the maize ionome, specially at the highest Cu soil concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that AM increases HMA expression involved in Cu detoxification in Cu-contaminated soils.
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Gene
- HMAe0
- Outcome
- expression of the HMA genese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- putatively encoding proteins involved in Cu detoxificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Cu-contaminated soils, AM increases expression of the HMA genes putatively encoding proteins involved in Cu detoxification”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
AM is suggested to balance mineral nutrient uptake and improve maize nutritional status.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM increases expression of the HMA genes putatively encoding proteins involved in Cu detoxification and balances mineral nutrient uptake improving the nutritional status of the maize plants.”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.