Abstract
Lettuce is an important vegetable cultivated worldwide, even in regions with highly saline soils. A large amount of research discusses the application of sulfur on the increase of antioxidation in plants. The powder from hoggery desulfurization tanks contained high amounts of sulfur and small amounts of other nutrients for plants. This powder can be added to liquid fertilizer to create high-sulfur liquid fertilizer (HSLF). This study observed the cell morphologies of lettuce root apices under salt stress after the application of HSLF. Lettuce plants were cultivated in hydroponic solutions containing one of two NaCl (0 and 40 mM) and three HSLF (0.0, 1.5, and 3.0 g L−1) concentrations. Salinity reduced the K+/Na+ ratio in the plant leaves; however, this reduction was smaller in the HSLF-treated plants. Except for phosphate and potassium, nutrient absorption is inhibited under conditions of high salinity. Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed apices more integrated on cell roots after increasing HSLF supplement under non-salt-stressed conditions. In addition, the cells were repaired after increasing the supplement of HSLF under the condition of 40 mM NaCl. Although salt stress reduced plant growth, the reductions were minimized in the HSLF-treated plants. The application of HSLF potentially alleviated salt injury in lettuce root apices and was probably associated with the improvement of phosphorus and potassium absorption and increasing K+/Na+ ratios in lettuce plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity lowered the leaf K+/Na+ ratio, with a smaller reduction after HSLF treatment.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce”
e0“Salinity reduced the K+/Na+ ratio in the plant leaves; however, this reduction was smaller in the HSLF-treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
HSLF treatment moderated the salinity-related reduction in leaf K+/Na+ ratio.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- HSLF-treatede0
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratioe0
- Direction
- smallere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce”
e0“Salinity reduced the K+/Na+ ratio in the plant leaves; however, this reduction was smaller in the HSLF-treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity inhibited nutrient absorption except for phosphate and potassium.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- high salinitye0
- Outcome
- nutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- Except for phosphate and potassiume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce”
e0“Except for phosphate and potassium, nutrient absorption is inhibited under conditions of high salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing HSLF under no salt stress yielded more integrated lettuce root apex cells.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- cell rootse0
- Treatment
- increasing HSLF supplemente0
- Outcome
- apices more integrated on cell rootse0
- Direction
- more integratede0
- Qualifier
- non-salt-stressed conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce”
e0“we observed apices more integrated on cell roots after increasing HSLF supplement under non-salt-stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing HSLF repaired lettuce cells under 40 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing the supplement of HSLFe0
- Outcome
- the cells were repairede0
- Qualifier
- 40 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce”
e0“the cells were repaired after increasing the supplement of HSLF under the condition of 40 mM NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced lettuce growth.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce”
e0“Although salt stress reduced plant growth, the reductions were minimized in the HSLF-treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
HSLF minimized the salt-stress reduction in lettuce growth.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- HSLF-treatede0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce”
e0“Although salt stress reduced plant growth, the reductions were minimized in the HSLF-treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that HSLF alleviates salt injury in lettuce root apices, possibly through improved phosphorus and potassium absorption and K+/Na+ ratios.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- HSLFe0
- Outcome
- salt injury in lettuce root apicese0
- Qualifier
- probably associated with the improvement of phosphorus and potassium absorption and increasing K+/Na+ ratiose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of HSLF potentially alleviated salt injury in lettuce root apices and was probably associated with the improvement of phosphorus and potassium absorption and increasing K+/Na+ ratios in lettuce plants.”
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