Abstract
The whitefly is one of the most damaging pests to economical tomato crop in the world, it is considered the first plant virus’s transgenic insects. Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is a major tomato viral disease transgenic by this insect. Many efforts have been done for controlling this virus infection. Among these many efforts was the whitefly biocontrol by using kairomonic bacteria and the endophytic bacterial lipopeptides to induce plant resistance against viral infection. The lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis endophytic bacterial strains isolated from tomatoes showed a strong reduction in the symptoms caused by (ToMV) virus due to their responsibility for the elicitation of the Systemic Resistance Induction (SRI) mechanism in tomato seedlings. The re-insertion of these endophytic Bacillus subtilis BMG100 bacterial strains by tissue culture technique has also a negative ELISA result with complete severe viral symptoms reduction. The electron microscopical image confirmed the insertion and the huge spreading of endophyticus within tissues. While the spraying of mechanical or biological infected seedlings by the produced endophytic bacterial lipopeptides suspension showed negative ELISA and significant symptoms reduction by the same action happened on the endophyticus re-bacterized seedlings, thus confirming the promising antiviral activities of produced lipopeptides. However, the plant surfaces infected by whitefly and treated with Priestia endophytica BMG103 and Bacillus endophyticus BMG104 kairomone bacteria showed a big vanishment of whitefly stages on the opened field. Moreover, the levels of relative gene expression of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the other β 1,3- glucanase 2 (BGL2) which they involved in the promoting of induced resistance phenomenon in tomato seedlings were elevated by lipopeptides treatment due to the relationship between the systemic resistance induction (SRI) with salicylate and jasmoniate involved substrates in defense mechanisms.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis lipopeptides reduced ToMV symptoms in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- lipopeptidese0
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- symptoms caused by (ToMV) viruse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis endophytic bacterial strains isolated from tomatoes showed a strong reduction in the symptoms caused by (ToMV) virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Reinserting Bacillus subtilis BMG100 yielded negative ELISA results and complete reduction of severe viral symptoms.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- re-insertion of these endophytic Bacillus subtilis BMG100 bacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis BMG100Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severe viral symptomse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The re-insertion of these endophytic Bacillus subtilis BMG100 bacterial strains by tissue culture technique has also a negative ELISA result with complete severe viral symptoms reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron microscopy confirmed insertion and extensive spread of endophytes in tissues.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- insertion and the huge spreading of endophyticus within tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The electron microscopical image confirmed the insertion and the huge spreading of endophyticus within tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying infected seedlings with bacterial lipopeptides yielded negative ELISA results and significantly reduced symptoms.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- spraying of mechanical or biological infected seedlings by the produced endophytic bacterial lipopeptides suspensione0
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“the spraying of mechanical or biological infected seedlings by the produced endophytic bacterial lipopeptides suspension showed negative ELISA and significant symptoms reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Priestia endophytica BMG103 treatment greatly reduced whitefly stages on plants in the open field.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated with Priestia endophytica BMG103e0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Second interactor
- Priestia endophytica BMG103Priestia endophyticae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- whitefly stagese0
- Direction
- vanishmente0
- Setting
- opened fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“plant surfaces infected by whitefly and treated with Priestia endophytica BMG103 and Bacillus endophyticus BMG104 kairomone bacteria showed a big vanishment of whitefly stages on the opened field”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus endophyticus BMG104 treatment greatly reduced whitefly stages on plants in the open field.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus endophyticus BMG104 kairomone bacteriae0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Second interactor
- Bacillus endophyticus BMG104Priestia endophyticae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- whitefly stagese0
- Direction
- vanishmente0
- Setting
- opened fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“plant surfaces infected by whitefly and treated with Priestia endophytica BMG103 and Bacillus endophyticus BMG104 kairomone bacteria showed a big vanishment of whitefly stages on the opened field”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptide treatment elevated PAL expression in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptides treatmente0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e0
- Outcome
- relative gene expressione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“levels of relative gene expression of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the other β 1,3- glucanase 2 (BGL2) which they involved in the promoting of induced resistance phenomenon in tomato seedlings were elevated by lipopeptides treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptide treatment elevated BGL2 expression in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptides treatmente0
- Gene
- β 1,3- glucanase 2 (BGL2)e0
- Outcome
- relative gene expressione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“levels of relative gene expression of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the other β 1,3- glucanase 2 (BGL2) which they involved in the promoting of induced resistance phenomenon in tomato seedlings were elevated by lipopeptides treatment”
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See all 266 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.