Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, poses a significant threat to global tomato production, underscoring the need for sustainable management strategies. In this study, we characterized a novel lipopeptide from Bacillus pumilus strain LP-823 and evaluated its efficacy against tomato bacterial wilt. Structural analysis using LC-QTOF MS/MS identified the lipopeptides as surfactin variants with fatty acid chains ranging from C14 to C19, including C17–C19 homologues not previously reported in this species. In pot experiments, treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides significantly suppressed disease development, delaying symptom onset by four days and reducing final disease incidence and disease index by 29.63% and 36.19%, respectively, at 20 days post-inoculation. The lipopeptides exhibited no direct antibacterial activity in vitro. Instead, they triggered plant-mediated defense responses, as evidenced by marked increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, which peaked at 36 h post-treatment with 5.7-fold and 6.8-fold increases, respectively. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that lipopeptide treatment orchestrates a multifaceted defense network, including modulation of ROS homeostasis (downregulation of AOX1a and CAT2), reprogramming of ABA signaling (upregulation of ABI2, downregulation of ZEP), suppression of aquaporin (PIP2-1) expression, and redirection of phenylpropanoid metabolism. These coordinated responses collectively explain the observed disease suppression and enhanced defense enzyme activities. Overall, our results establish the LP-823 lipopeptide as a potent elicitor of induced systemic resistance with considerable potential for the sustainable management of bacterial wilt in tomato. A novel lipopeptide from Bacillus pumilus LP-823 was identified as a surfactin with C14–C19 fatty acid chains, including C17–C19 homologues not previously reported in this species. LP-823 lipopeptides significantly suppressed tomato bacterial wilt by delaying disease onset and reducing disease incidence and severity, without direct antibacterial activity. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the lipopeptide activates a coordinated defense network involving ROS modulation, ABA signaling reprogramming, and redirection of phenylpropanoid and alkaloid metabolism. This study establishes the LP-823 lipopeptide as a potent elicitor of induced systemic resistance and a promising candidate for sustainable biocontrol of bacterial wilt.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The Bacillus pumilus LP-823 lipopeptides were identified as surfactin variants with fatty acid chains ranging from C14 to C19.
- Taxon
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumilust1
- Outcome
- surfactin variants with fatty acid chains ranging from C14 to C19e0
Verbatim
t1“Bacillus pumilus”
e0“identified the lipopeptides as surfactin variants with fatty acid chains ranging from C14 to C19”
Claim · model-written summary
In pot experiments, treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides significantly suppressed tomato bacterial wilt development.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- treatment with LP-823 lipopeptidese2
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume3pathogen - Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e3“Ralstonia solanacearum”
e2“treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides”
e0“treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides significantly suppressed disease development”
Claim · model-written summary
LP-823 lipopeptide treatment delayed symptom onset by four days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with LP-823 lipopeptidese0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume3pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom onsete0
- Direction
- delayinge0
- Value
- four dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e3“Ralstonia solanacearum”
e0“treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides significantly suppressed disease development, delaying symptom onset by four days”
Claim · model-written summary
LP-823 lipopeptide treatment reduced final disease incidence by 29.63% at 20 days post-inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with LP-823 lipopeptidese0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume3pathogen
- Outcome
- final disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 29.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e3“Ralstonia solanacearum”
e0“treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides significantly suppressed disease development, delaying symptom onset by four days and reducing final disease incidence and disease index by 29.63% and 36.19%”
Claim · model-written summary
LP-823 lipopeptide treatment reduced the final disease index by 36.19% at 20 days post-inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with LP-823 lipopeptidese0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume3pathogen
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 36.19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e3“Ralstonia solanacearum”
e0“treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides significantly suppressed disease development, delaying symptom onset by four days and reducing final disease incidence and disease index by 29.63% and 36.19%”
Claim · model-written summary
The lipopeptides exhibited no direct antibacterial activity in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptidese0
- Outcome
- direct antibacterial activitye0
- Direction
- noe0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The lipopeptides exhibited no direct antibacterial activity in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased markedly after lipopeptide treatment, peaking at 36 h with a 5.7-fold increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with LP-823 lipopeptidese2
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 5.7-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e2“treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides”
e0“marked increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, which peaked at 36 h post-treatment with 5.7-fold and 6.8-fold increases, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase activity increased markedly after lipopeptide treatment, peaking at 36 h with a 6.8-fold increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with LP-823 lipopeptidese2
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 6.8-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e2“treatment with LP-823 lipopeptides”
e0“marked increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, which peaked at 36 h post-treatment with 5.7-fold and 6.8-fold increases, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptide treatment downregulated AOX1a and CAT2, modulating ROS homeostasis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptide treatmente1
- Gene
- AOX1a and CAT2e0
- Outcome
- AOX1a and CAT2e0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“lipopeptide treatment orchestrates a multifaceted defense network”
e0“downregulation of AOX1a and CAT2”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptide treatment upregulated ABI2 in ABA signaling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptide treatmente1
- Gene
- ABI2e0
- Outcome
- ABI2e0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“lipopeptide treatment orchestrates a multifaceted defense network”
e0“upregulation of ABI2”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptide treatment downregulated ZEP in ABA signaling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptide treatmente1
- Gene
- ZEPe0
- Outcome
- ZEPe0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“lipopeptide treatment orchestrates a multifaceted defense network”
e0“downregulation of ZEP”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptide treatment suppressed expression of aquaporin PIP2-1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptide treatmente1
- Gene
- aquaporin (PIP2-1)e0
- Outcome
- aquaporin (PIP2-1) expressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“lipopeptide treatment orchestrates a multifaceted defense network”
e0“suppression of aquaporin (PIP2-1) expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptide treatment redirected phenylpropanoid metabolism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lipopeptide treatmente1
- Outcome
- phenylpropanoid metabolisme0
- Direction
- redirectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“lipopeptide treatment orchestrates a multifaceted defense network”
e0“redirection of phenylpropanoid metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the LP-823 lipopeptide is a potent elicitor of induced systemic resistance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LP-823 lipopeptidee0
- Outcome
- induced systemic resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“establish the LP-823 lipopeptide as a potent elicitor of induced systemic resistance”
The same questions in other papers
lipopeptide · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
lipopeptide · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.