Abstract
Anthocyanins are the primarily pigments in many flowers, vegetables, and fruits and play a critical role in human and plant health. They are polyphenolic pigments that are soluble in water and usually quantified by spectrophotometric methods. The two main methods that quantify anthocyanins are pH differential and organic solvent-based methods. Our hypothesis was that these methods extract different anthocyanin profiles. Therefore, this experiment was designed to identify anthocyanin profiles that are extracted by pH differential and organic solvent-based methods and observe their total anthocyanin content from strawberries. Six methods were tested in this experiment to quantify and profile anthocyanins in strawberry fruits by spectrophotometry and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) respectively. Four methods used organic solvents (methanol, and chloroform-methanol) in different combinations. The next two methods were pH differential and a combination of organic solvent and the pH differential method. The results suggest that acidified chloroform-methanol extracted the highest anthocyanin content compared to water-based solvents. Methanol-water based solvents also performed better than methanol alone, because both methanol and water may extract different profiles of anthocyanins. Water-based extracts had the greatest absorbance at a lower wavelength (498 nm), followed by methanol (508 nm), and chloroform (530 nm). Chloroform-methanol solvent with higher pH (3.0) extracted pelargonidin as the main anthocyanin, while methanol and water-based solvents (with lower pH 1.0-2.0) extracted delphinidin as their main anthocyanin as identified by UHPLC. Therefore, chloroform-methanol and methanol-water solvents were the best solvents for extracting anthocyanins from strawberries. Also, freeze-dried strawberries had higher anthocyanin contents compared to fresh or frozen samples.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Acidified chloroform-methanol extracted the highest anthocyanin content compared with water-based solvents.
Verbatim
e1“The results suggest that acidified chloroform-methanol extracted the highest anthocyanin content compared to water-based solvents”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol-water solvents performed better than methanol alone for anthocyanin extraction from strawberry.
Verbatim
e2“Methanol-water based solvents also performed better than methanol alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-based strawberry extracts had their greatest absorbance at 498 nm.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Water-based extractse3
- Outcome
- absorbancee3
- Value
- 498 nme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing”
e3“Water-based extracts had the greatest absorbance at a lower wavelength (498 nm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol strawberry extracts had absorbance at 508 nm.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- methanole4
- Outcome
- absorbancee3
- Value
- 508 nme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing”
e3“Water-based extracts had the greatest absorbance at a lower wavelength (498 nm)”
e4“followed by methanol (508 nm), and chloroform (530 nm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform strawberry extracts had absorbance at 530 nm.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chloroforme4
- Outcome
- absorbancee3
- Value
- 530 nme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing”
e3“Water-based extracts had the greatest absorbance at a lower wavelength (498 nm)”
e4“followed by methanol (508 nm), and chloroform (530 nm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform-methanol solvent at pH 3.0 extracted pelargonidin as the main anthocyanin in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Chloroform-methanol solvent with higher pH (3.0)e5
- Outcome
- pelargonidin as the main anthocyanine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing”
e5“Chloroform-methanol solvent with higher pH (3.0) extracted pelargonidin as the main anthocyanin”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol and water-based solvents at pH 1.0-2.0 extracted delphinidin as the main anthocyanin in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- methanol and water-based solvents (with lower pH 1.0-2.0)e6
- Outcome
- delphinidin as their main anthocyanine6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing”
e6“while methanol and water-based solvents (with lower pH 1.0-2.0) extracted delphinidin as their main anthocyanin”
Claim · model-written summary
Freeze-dried strawberries had higher anthocyanin contents than fresh or frozen samples.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae7
- Treatment
- freeze-driede7
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contentse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- fresh or frozen samplese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“freeze-dried strawberries had higher anthocyanin contents compared to fresh or frozen samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform-methanol and methanol-water solvents are the best solvents for extracting anthocyanins from strawberries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Outcome
- best solvents for extracting anthocyaninse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“chloroform-methanol and methanol-water solvents were the best solvents for extracting anthocyanins from strawberries”
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