Abstract
Ambient temperature and nitrogen (N) fertilizer are two of the most important factors that affect rice grain quality. However, less information has been available on the interactive effect of N fertilizer and ambient temperature on grain quality under stressful high temperature (HT). In this article, the effects of panicle N fertilizer, ambient temperature, and their interaction on starch composition, particle size distribution of starch granules, starch physicochemical properties, and storage protein accumulation in milled grains were investigated to clarify the potential role of panicle N fertilizer topdressing in regulating rice grain quality under stressful HT by using a two-factor experiment of three N levels in combination with two temperature regimes. Results showed that appropriate application of panicle N fertilizer could attenuate the adverse effect of HT during grain filling on milling quality and chalky occurrence to some extent, particularly for the effective alleviation of HT-induced decrease in milling quality. However, the topdressing of panicle N fertilizer tended to enhance starch gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) and its setback viscosity in HT-ripening grains, with the simultaneous decrements in the number and surface area proportions of smaller starch granules under the higher N fertilizer in combination with HT exposure. The effects of higher nitrogen fertilizer and HT exposure on total protein content and gluten composition of grains were additively increased. Hence, the topdressing of panicle N fertilizer exacerbated HT-induced deterioration in cooking and eating quality, rather than alleviating the negative impact of HT exposure on the palatability of cooked rice.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate panicle N fertilizer partly alleviated the high-temperature reduction in rice milling quality.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- panicle N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- milling qualitye0
- Direction
- attenuatee0
- Qualifier
- during grain fillinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate application of panicle N fertilizer could attenuate the adverse effect of HT during grain filling on milling quality and chalky occurrence to some extent, particularly for the effective alleviation of HT-induced decrease in milling quality.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate panicle N fertilizer partly alleviated high-temperature chalkiness in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- panicle N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- chalky occurrencee0
- Direction
- attenuatee0
- Qualifier
- during grain fillinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate application of panicle N fertilizer could attenuate the adverse effect of HT during grain filling on milling quality and chalky occurrence to some extent”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle N topdressing tended to increase starch gelatinization enthalpy in heat-ripened rice grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- topdressing of panicle N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- starch gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH)e0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- HT-ripening grainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the topdressing of panicle N fertilizer tended to enhance starch gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) and its setback viscosity in HT-ripening grains”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle N topdressing tended to increase starch setback viscosity in heat-ripened rice grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- topdressing of panicle N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- setback viscositye0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- HT-ripening grainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the topdressing of panicle N fertilizer tended to enhance starch gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) and its setback viscosity in HT-ripening grains”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N fertilizer with heat reduced the number proportion of smaller starch granules.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- smaller starch granulese0
- Treatment
- higher N fertilizer in combination with HT exposuree0
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- decrementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the simultaneous decrements in the number and surface area proportions of smaller starch granules under the higher N fertilizer in combination with HT exposure.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N fertilizer with heat reduced the surface-area proportion of smaller starch granules.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher N fertilizer in combination with HT exposuree0
- Outcome
- surface area proportions of smaller starch granulese0
- Direction
- decrementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the simultaneous decrements in the number and surface area proportions of smaller starch granules under the higher N fertilizer in combination with HT exposure.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N fertilizer and heat additively increased rice grain total protein content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher nitrogen fertilizer and HT exposuree0
- Outcome
- total protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of higher nitrogen fertilizer and HT exposure on total protein content and gluten composition of grains were additively increased.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N fertilizer and heat additively increased rice grain gluten composition.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher nitrogen fertilizer and HT exposuree0
- Outcome
- gluten compositione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of higher nitrogen fertilizer and HT exposure on total protein content and gluten composition of grains were additively increased.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude panicle N topdressing worsened heat-related cooking and eating quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- topdressing of panicle N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- cooking and eating qualitye0
- Direction
- exacerbatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the topdressing of panicle N fertilizer exacerbated HT-induced deterioration in cooking and eating quality”
t0“Rice”
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