Abstract
Water deficit stress and poor soil fertility in arid and semi-arid regions are the most important factors limiting the growth and yield of cotton plants. A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in a research farm in the Ardabil (Moghan), Iran, in the 2019-2020 crop year with three replications. Experimental treatments included moisture levels at three levels (40, 60, and 80% of field capacity) and fertilizer application at four levels (vermicompost, cattle manure, chemical fertilizers (urea and triple superphosphate), and control). The results showed that the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly with delay in irrigation. At the same time, the highest amounts of proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were observed in irrigation conditions of 40% moisture of field capacity. Application of organic and chemical fertilizers compared to the control showed a significant effect on increasing the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids. The relative water content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and oil percentage increased by 32, 24, 23, and 26% in optimal irrigation conditions and 28, 21, 15, and 20% in moderate stress conditions and 23, 16, 14, and 19, respectively, in severe stress conditions due to vermicompost application compared to treatment without fertilizer. Due to vermicompost application in irrigation conditions, maximum grain yield (2558.33 kg ha - 1), fiber yield (1117.04 kg ha -1 ), oil yield (651.81 kg ha -1 ), and oil percentage (25.48%) were obtained, with 80% of field capacity obtained. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that in conditions of low irrigation, the application of organic fertilizers is more effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cotton. It is better to increase the yield of agricultural products from vermicompost and cattle manure instead of chemical fertilizers, to be used to reduce environmental pollution and their production costs to achieve a sustainable agricultural.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed irrigation significantly reduced cotton photosynthetic pigment content.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- delay in irrigatione0
- Outcome
- content of photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly with delay in irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
proline was highest at 40% field capacity.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 40% moisture of field capacitye0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“the highest amounts of proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were observed in irrigation conditions of 40% moisture of field capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
malondialdehyde was highest at 40% field capacity.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 40% moisture of field capacitye0
- Outcome
- malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“the highest amounts of proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were observed in irrigation conditions of 40% moisture of field capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
hydrogen peroxide was highest at 40% field capacity.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 40% moisture of field capacitye0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“the highest amounts of proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were observed in irrigation conditions of 40% moisture of field capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and chemical fertilizer application significantly increased chlorophyll a.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- organic and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Application of organic and chemical fertilizers compared to the control showed a significant effect on increasing the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and chemical fertilizer application significantly increased chlorophyll b.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- organic and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Application of organic and chemical fertilizers compared to the control showed a significant effect on increasing the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and chemical fertilizer application significantly increased total chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- organic and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Application of organic and chemical fertilizers compared to the control showed a significant effect on increasing the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and chemical fertilizer application significantly increased carotenoids.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- organic and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Application of organic and chemical fertilizers compared to the control showed a significant effect on increasing the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased relative water content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and oil percentage across irrigation levels.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost applicatione0
- Outcome
- relative water content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and oil percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- optimal irrigation conditionse0
- Comparator
- treatment without fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“The relative water content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and oil percentage increased by 32, 24, 23, and 26% in optimal irrigation conditions and 28, 21, 15, and 20% in moderate stress conditions and 23, 16, 14, and 19, respectively, in severe stress conditions due to vermicompost application compared to treatment without fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% field capacity with vermicompost, cotton grain yield reached 2558.33 kg ha - 1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2558.33 kg ha - 1e0
- Qualifier
- 80% of field capacitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Due to vermicompost application in irrigation conditions, maximum grain yield (2558.33 kg ha - 1), fiber yield (1117.04 kg ha -1 ), oil yield (651.81 kg ha -1 ), and oil percentage (25.48%) were obtained, with 80% of field capacity obtained.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% field capacity with vermicompost, cotton fiber yield reached 1117.04 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost applicatione0
- Outcome
- fiber yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1117.04 kg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 80% of field capacitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Due to vermicompost application in irrigation conditions, maximum grain yield (2558.33 kg ha - 1), fiber yield (1117.04 kg ha -1 ), oil yield (651.81 kg ha -1 ), and oil percentage (25.48%) were obtained, with 80% of field capacity obtained.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% field capacity with vermicompost, cotton oil yield reached 651.81 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost applicatione0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 651.81 kg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 80% of field capacitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Due to vermicompost application in irrigation conditions, maximum grain yield (2558.33 kg ha - 1), fiber yield (1117.04 kg ha -1 ), oil yield (651.81 kg ha -1 ), and oil percentage (25.48%) were obtained, with 80% of field capacity obtained.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% field capacity with vermicompost, cotton oil percentage reached 25.48%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost applicatione0
- Outcome
- oil percentagee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 25.48%e0
- Qualifier
- 80% of field capacitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Due to vermicompost application in irrigation conditions, maximum grain yield (2558.33 kg ha - 1), fiber yield (1117.04 kg ha -1 ), oil yield (651.81 kg ha -1 ), and oil percentage (25.48%) were obtained, with 80% of field capacity obtained.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend organic fertilizers under low irrigation for cotton quality and quantity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- application of organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“in conditions of low irrigation, the application of organic fertilizers is more effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend vermicompost and cattle manure in place of chemical fertilizers to increase yield and reduce pollution and costs.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- vermicompost and cattle manure instead of chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“It is better to increase the yield of agricultural products from vermicompost and cattle manure instead of chemical fertilizers, to be used to reduce environmental pollution and their production costs to achieve a sustainable agricultural.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · physiology: water · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →irrigation · physiology: photosynthesis · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →fertilization · physiology: pigments · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →fertilization · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
81 papers in the same direction as this paper · 46 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
125 papers more in this group
See all 129 papers →fertilization · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
496 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
546 papers more in this group
See all 550 papers →fertilization · quality: oil · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.