Abstract
There is an urgent demand for biostimulant amendments that can sustainably alleviate osmotic stress. However, limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants. In 2020 and 2021, two field experiments were carried out in which twelve combinations of three irrigation intervals were employed every 14 days (Irrig.14), 21 days (Irrig.21), and 28 days (Irrig.28) along with four amendment treatments (a control, vermicompost, cyanobacteria extract, and combination of vermicompost + cyanobacteria extract) in salt-affected soil. The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) and a decrease in the levels of oxidative damage indicators (H2O2 and MDA). Significant augmentation in the content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid concentration, relative water content, stomatal conductance, and K+ was also observed. In conjunction with these findings, noticeable decreases in the content of Na+ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the degree of lipid peroxidation (MDA) proved the efficacy of this technique. Consequently, the highest cotton yield and productivity as well as fiber quality were achieved when vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract were used together under increasing irrigation intervals in salt-affected soil. In conclusion, the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract can be helpful for obtaining higher cotton productivity and fiber quality compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil. Additionally, it can also help alleviate the harmful impact of these abiotic stresses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract improved catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in cotton compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cotton plants
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extracte2
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)e2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants”
e2“The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract improved the physicochemical attributes of cotton compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extracte2
- Outcome
- physicochemical attributese2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants”
e2“The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract increased non-enzymatic antioxidants in cotton compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extracte2
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic antioxidantse2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants”
e2“The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract decreased H2O2 and MDA levels in cotton compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extracte2
- Outcome
- oxidative damage indicators (H2O2 and MDA)e4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants”
e2“The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)”
e4“a decrease in the levels of oxidative damage indicators (H2O2 and MDA)”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract significantly increased chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid content in cotton compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extracte2
- Outcome
- content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid concentratione3
- Direction
- augmentatione3
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants”
e2“The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)”
e3“Significant augmentation in the content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid concentration, relative water content, stomatal conductance, and K+ was also observed”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract significantly increased relative water content, stomatal conductance and K+ in cotton compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extracte2
- Outcome
- relative water content, stomatal conductance, and K+e3
- Direction
- augmentatione3
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants”
e2“The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)”
e3“Significant augmentation in the content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid concentration, relative water content, stomatal conductance, and K+ was also observed”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract decreased Na+ content in cotton compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extracte2
- Outcome
- content of Na+e5
- Direction
- decreasese5
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants”
e2“The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)”
e5“noticeable decreases in the content of Na+”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest cotton yield, productivity and fiber quality were achieved with vermicompost and cyanobacteria extract used together under increasing irrigation intervals in salt-affected soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract were used togethere6
- Outcome
- cotton yield and productivity as well as fiber qualitye6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Comparator
- the studied controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the highest cotton yield and productivity as well as fiber quality were achieved when vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract were used together under increasing irrigation intervals in salt-affected soil”
e7“compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil”
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See all 129 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.