Abstract
Soil salinization has seriously affected crop growth and fertilizer utilization efficiency in agricultural production, thus restricting the food production and sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas. Therefore, how to improve the saline-alkali land improvement and fertilizer utilization efficiency will directly affect agricultural development in arid areas. Bacillus subtilis had certain advantages in saline-alkali land improvement by inhibiting the accumulation of excessive sodium and improving the absorption of nutrients by crops. So this study proposed to use the functional advantages of Bacillus subtilis in the root layer soil, and establish a bacteria-fertilizer coupling improvement strategy to improve cotton growth and soil nitrogen use efficiency under salt stress. In this study, the physiological characteristics of crops under different soil salt stress were analyzed by pot planting cotton. Four application amounts of Bacillus subtilis agent (2.5, 5.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg−1) and three application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (150, 300 and 450 kg·hm−2) were applied in four kinds of soil with different salinity (nonsalinized, mildly salinized, moderately salinized and severely salinized). Through the 3414 experimental design method, a total of 15 cross-treatments were set, including blank control. And three groups of control repetition were set in the experimental design. The results showed that the application of Bacillus subtilis improved the water retention and nitrate nitrogen retention of saline-alkali soil. When the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg·hm−2 and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis agent was 5.0 mg·kg−1, the growth index (plant height, stem diameter, and biomass) of cotton reached the maximum value. Malondialdehyde content increased with the increase of soil salt content, which showed salt stress could cause oxidative damage to leaves. Application Bacillus subtilis agent promoted the activity of Peroxidase and Catalase enzymes in leaves and protected plants against the damage caused by salt stress. The application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer could improve the physiological activity of leaves and reduce oxidative damage under salt stress. According to the cotton yield, the coupling application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and final yield of cotton. Compared with the control treatment, the cotton yields of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer applications treatments increased by 10.47–65.52%, which has a positive effect on improving the cotton yield in saline-alkali soil. Based on the above results, this study could serve as a theoretical basis for harnessing saline-alkali land and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in arid regions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis application improved water retention and nitrate nitrogen retention of saline-alkali soil.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- application of Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- water retention and nitrate nitrogen retention of saline-alkali soile0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e0“the application of Bacillus subtilis improved the water retention and nitrate nitrogen retention of saline-alkali soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 kg·hm−2 nitrogen and 5.0 mg·kg−1 Bacillus subtilis agent, cotton growth index reached its maximum.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg·hm−2 and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis agent was 5.0 mg·kg−1e1
- Outcome
- growth index (plant height, stem diameter, and biomass)e1
- Direction
- maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e1“When the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg·hm−2 and the application amount of Bacillus subtilis agent was 5.0 mg·kg−1, the growth index (plant height, stem diameter, and biomass) of cotton reached the maximum value”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content in cotton leaves increased with soil salt content.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- soil salt contente2
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e2“Malondialdehyde content increased with the increase of soil salt content, which showed salt stress could cause oxidative damage to leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis agent promoted peroxidase and catalase activity in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- Application Bacillus subtilis agente3
- Gene
- Peroxidase and Catalasee3
- Outcome
- activity of Peroxidase and Catalase enzymese3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e3“Application Bacillus subtilis agent promoted the activity of Peroxidase and Catalase enzymes in leaves and protected plants against the damage caused by salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer application improved the physiological activity of cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizere4
- Outcome
- physiological activity of leavese4
- Direction
- improvee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e4“The application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer could improve the physiological activity of leaves and reduce oxidative damage under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer application reduced oxidative damage in cotton under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizere4
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee4
- Direction
- reducee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e4“The application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer could improve the physiological activity of leaves and reduce oxidative damage under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased cotton dry matter accumulation and final yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- coupling application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizere5
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation and final yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e5“the coupling application of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and final yield of cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer applications increased cotton yield by 10.47–65.52% over the control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer applicationse6
- Outcome
- cotton yieldse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 10.47–65.52%e6
- Comparator
- control treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth”
e6“Compared with the control treatment, the cotton yields of Bacillus subtilis agent and nitrogen fertilizer applications treatments increased by 10.47–65.52%”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Bacillus subtilis · physiology: water · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · physiology: oxidative · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · physiology: oxidative · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →fertilization · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
176 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
198 papers more in this group
See all 202 papers →fertilization · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
496 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
546 papers more in this group
See all 550 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.