Abstract
1. A small-scale plot experiment which had been conducted from 1947 to 1952 to study the effect of massive dressings of fertilizer nitrogen, with and without phosphate and potash, on the yield and quality of a rye-grass dominant sward was continued from 1953 to 1958 with two changes in the mineral treatments in 1953. A 4 × 4 Graeco-Latin square was used. The nitrogen treatments applied each year were: (1) no nitrogenous fertilizer, (2) 260 lb. nitrogen, (3) 520 lb. nitrogen and (4) 416 lb. nitrogen per acre per year. The mineral treatments were: (A) no mineral fertilizer, (B) 336–504 lb. K 2 O per acre per year depending on nitrogen treatment, (C) 101–202 lb. K 2 O and 81–101 lb. P 2 O 5 per acre per year depending on nitrogen treatment, and (D) no mineral fertilizer after 1953, although K 2 O and P 2 O 5 had been applied during the previous 6-year period. All the fertilizers were applied in four or five equal dressings each year, one for each cut. Treatments 1 and 4 were cut four times and treatments 2 and 3 five times per year. 2. Applications of phosphate did not affect the yields of herbage dry matter or crude protein, but yields were severely depressed in the absence of potash. With adequate potash the yields under all nitrogen treatments were maintained for the 6-year period and were at the same level as in the previous 6-year period. The mean yields of dry matter for the 6-year period when potash was applied were 5200, 8420, 10,180 and 9700 lb. per acre per year for treatments, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Without potash the corresponding mean yields were 5460, 6410, 6210 and 6880 lb. Average crude protein yields were 760, 1360, 1940 and 1660 lb. per acre per year with potash and 780, 1100, 1220 and 13201b. without potash. 3. The weighted mean contents of crude protein for the 6-year period averaged over all the mineral treatments were 14·4, 16·7, 19·4 and 18·2% for nitrogen treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4. The mean crudeprotein contents of treatments with and without potash were 16·7 and 17·6%, respectively. 4. The average response to nitrogen was 15·0, 10·9 and 12·4 lb. dry matter per 1 lb. of nitrogen applied on treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively, compared with a no-clover sward, and 7·8, 7·3 and 7·9 lb. compared with a grass + clover sward. The recovery of nitrogen in terms of crude protein was 45, 40 and 40% for treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively, when compared with a no-clover sward. 5. The botanical composition of the plots continued to be determined by the nitrogen and potash treatments. On plots receiving ‘Nitro-Chalk’ clover was virtually non-existent, whereas on plots which received potash and no nitrogen, clover was present. With a combination of potash and nitrogen vigorous swards of timothy were found but if only nitrogen and no potash was applied, poorer grasses, such as Festuca rubra , were dominant. 6. Soil analyses showed increased pH values and decreased contents of Mg with increasing applications of ‘Nitro-Chalk’. P 2 O 5 values were low except where phosphate was being applied. The most marked change was in the K 2 O values which varied from 4 units on treatments A and D which received no minerals to 40 units on treatment B which received the heavy dressings of potash. 7. Mineral analyses of the herbage for 1953 and 1958 are given. High K contents were found on treatments where potash was applied and this was associated with decreased Mg and Na contents. 8. Some details are given of a field-scale trial on the Institute farm where high levels of nitrogen and potash have been applied for 11 and 12 years with successful results.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate did not affect herbage dry matter or crude protein yields.
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“Applications of phosphate did not affect the yields of herbage dry matter or crude protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Absence of potash severely depressed herbage yields.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“yields were severely depressed in the absence of potash”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate potash maintained yields under all nitrogen treatments for six years at the prior six-year level.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“With adequate potash the yields under all nitrogen treatments were maintained for the 6-year period and were at the same level as in the previous 6-year period”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen treatments differed in herbage crude protein contents.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“The weighted mean contents of crude protein for the 6-year period averaged over all the mineral treatments were 14·4, 16·7, 19·4 and 18·2% for nitrogen treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen responses in dry matter were reported relative to a no-clover sward.
- Outcome
- response to nitrogene1
- Value
- 15·0, 10·9 and 12·4 lb. dry matter per 1 lb. of nitrogene1
- Comparator
- no-clover swarde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“The average response to nitrogen was 15·0, 10·9 and 12·4 lb. dry matter per 1 lb. of nitrogen applied on treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively, compared with a no-clover sward”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen responses were smaller relative to a grass and clover sward.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“7·8, 7·3 and 7·9 lb. compared with a grass + clover sward”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen recovery as crude protein was 45, 40 and 40% for treatments 2, 3 and 4.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“The recovery of nitrogen in terms of crude protein was 45, 40 and 40% for treatments 2, 3 and 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitro-Chalk plots had virtually no clover.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“On plots receiving ‘Nitro-Chalk’ clover was virtually non-existent”
Claim · model-written summary
Potash without nitrogen was associated with clover presence.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“on plots which received potash and no nitrogen, clover was present”
Claim · model-written summary
Potash and nitrogen produced vigorous timothy swards.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“With a combination of potash and nitrogen vigorous swards of timothy were found”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen without potash favored poorer grasses such as Festuca rubra.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“if only nitrogen and no potash was applied, poorer grasses, such as Festuca rubra , were dominant”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Nitro-Chalk raised soil pH.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“increased pH values and decreased contents of Mg with increasing applications of ‘Nitro-Chalk’”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Nitro-Chalk decreased soil Mg.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“increased pH values and decreased contents of Mg with increasing applications of ‘Nitro-Chalk’”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil phosphate values were low except where phosphate was applied.
- Outcome
- P 2 O 5 values were lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“P 2 O 5 values were low except where phosphate was being applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K2O ranged from 4 without minerals to 40 under heavy potash.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“K 2 O values which varied from 4 units on treatments A and D which received no minerals to 40 units on treatment B which received the heavy dressings of potash”
Claim · model-written summary
Potash treatments had high herbage K content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“High K contents were found on treatments where potash was applied and this was associated with decreased Mg and Na contents”
Claim · model-written summary
High herbage K was associated with decreased Mg and Na contents.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye-grass dominant sward”
e1“High K contents were found on treatments where potash was applied and this was associated with decreased Mg and Na contents”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · quality: protein · LoliumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
potassium · yield · LoliumPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.