Abstract
Crops grown in salt affected soils may suffer from drought stress, ion toxicity, and mineral deficiency leading to reduced growth and productivity. The present study was conducted to determine how salinity affects growth, water relations, and accumulation of cations of nutritional importance in various organs of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Two Kenyan sorghum varieties, Serena and Seredo, were grown in a greenhouse in quartz sand supplied with a complete nutrient solution to which 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl was added. The 250 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced the relative shoot growth rates, measured 25 d after the start of salt application, by 75 and 73%, respectively, for Serena and Seredo, and stem dry weight by 75 and 53%. In a similar way, young leaves were affected, with leaf blades of both varieties being reduced by 67% while sheaths were reduced by 83 and 87% for Serena and Seredo, respectively. Leaf water potential, osmotic potential, leaf pressure potential, and relative water content significantly declined with increasing salt stress. Roots and stems accumulated substantial amounts of sodium, saturating at 150 mM external NaCl. Accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ in the roots, stems, and leaves was strongly inhibited by salinity. Magnesium concentration of the roots was minimally impaired but that of the stems and leaves was strongly affected. Leaves continuously accumulated sodium, which was preferentially deposited in the sheaths. Mature leaves contained more Ca2+ and Mg2+ than young ones. The two sorghum varieties appear to sequester Na+ predominantly in roots, stems, leaf sheaths, and older leaf blades sparing the growing tissues as a salt tolerance mechanism. Nevertheless, greatly reduced concentrations of Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ in leaves under salinity could cause cation deficiency which reduces plant growth.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 mM NaCl, Serena relative shoot growth rate fell 75%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Sorghum bicolore1 - Material
- Serenae0
- Treatment
- 250 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- relative shoot growth ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 75e0
- Qualifier
- 25 d after the start of salt applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 250 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced the relative shoot growth rates, measured 25 d after the start of salt application, by 75 and 73%, respectively, for Serena and Seredo”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 mM NaCl, Seredo relative shoot growth rate fell 73%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- Seredoe0
- Treatment
- 250 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- relative shoot growth ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 250 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced the relative shoot growth rates, measured 25 d after the start of salt application, by 75 and 73%, respectively, for Serena and Seredo”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Serena stem dry weight declined 75% under 250 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Outcome
- stem dry weighte0
- Value
- 75e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and stem dry weight by 75 and 53%”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Seredo stem dry weight declined 53% under 250 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Outcome
- stem dry weighte0
- Value
- 53%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and stem dry weight by 75 and 53%”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Young leaf blades of both varieties were reduced by 67%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Organ / stage
- leaf bladese0
- Outcome
- leaf bladese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 67%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf blades of both varieties being reduced by 67%”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Serena young leaf sheaths were reduced 83%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- Serenae0
- Outcome
- sheathse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheaths were reduced by 83 and 87% for Serena and Seredo, respectively”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Seredo young leaf sheaths were reduced 87%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- Seredoe0
- Outcome
- sheathse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 87%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheaths were reduced by 83 and 87% for Serena and Seredo, respectively”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water, osmotic and pressure potentials declined with increasing salt stress.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- increasing salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Leaf water potential, osmotic potential, leaf pressure potentiale0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf water potential, osmotic potential, leaf pressure potential, and relative water content significantly declined with increasing salt stress”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative leaf water content declined with increasing salt stress.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- increasing salt stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf water potential, osmotic potential, leaf pressure potential, and relative water content significantly declined with increasing salt stress”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots and stems accumulated sodium up to saturation at 150 mM external NaCl.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Outcome
- Roots and stems accumulated substantial amounts of sodiume0
- Direction
- saturatinge0
- Value
- 150 mMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots and stems accumulated substantial amounts of sodium, saturating at 150 mM external NaCl”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity strongly inhibited potassium and calcium accumulation in roots, stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ in the roots, stems, and leavese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ in the roots, stems, and leaves was strongly inhibited by salinity”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Root magnesium concentration was minimally impaired by salinity.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Outcome
- Magnesium concentration of the rootse0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium concentration of the roots was minimally impaired”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium concentration in stems and leaves was strongly affected by salinity.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Outcome
- stems and leavese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that of the stems and leaves was strongly affected”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves continuously accumulated sodium, preferentially in sheaths.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Organ / stage
- sheathse0
- Outcome
- Leaves continuously accumulated sodiume0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves continuously accumulated sodium, which was preferentially deposited in the sheaths”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature leaves had more calcium and magnesium than young leaves.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Organ / stage
- Mature leavese0
- Outcome
- Ca2+ and Mg2+e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- young onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature leaves contained more Ca2+ and Mg2+ than young ones”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Both sorghum varieties appear to sequester sodium in roots, stems, sheaths and older blades, sparing growing tissue.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Organ / stage
- roots, stems, leaf sheaths, and older leaf bladese0
- Outcome
- sequester Na+e0
- Qualifier
- salt tolerance mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two sorghum varieties appear to sequester Na+ predominantly in roots, stems, leaf sheaths, and older leaf blades sparing the growing tissues as a salt tolerance mechanism”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced leaf calcium, potassium and magnesium under salinity could cause cation deficiency and reduced growth.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- cation deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greatly reduced concentrations of Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ in leaves under salinity could cause cation deficiency which reduces plant growth”
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →salinity · physiology: ion balance · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.