Abstract
Eight species of vegetable crops were grown in solution culture in order to investigate the effect of potassium and calcium concentration in the nutrient solution on zinc toxicities in vegetable crops. Zinc was supplied at levels of 0.05, 3, and 10ppm. At each zinc level potassium or calcium was supplied at rates of 2, 6, and 18me/l. The pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to 5.0. Plants were grown under different treatments for about three weeks.1. Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves in bean, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, and spinach. In lettuce and celery chlorosis was induced on lower leaves. Increasing the supply of potassium and calcium reduced the severity of zinc-induced chlorosis. There was not so marked difference between the beneficial effect of potassium and that of calcium.2. Increasing the supply of potassium and calcium was effective in alleviating the growth reduction of vegetable crops due to zinc excess. This effect was generally more marked with calcium than with potassium.3. With increasing zinc level in the nutrient solution the zinc concentration in leaves of vegetable crops increased. Increasing the supply of potassium and calcium suppressed excessive accumulation of zinc in leaves. The influence of calcium was generally stronger than that of potassium. In any vegetable crops, regardless of potassium and calcium treatments, zinc concentration in leaves was closely related to the growth reduction due to zinc toxicities.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves of bean.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves in bean, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, and spinach”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves of cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Organ / stage
- upper leavese1
- Treatment
- Zinc excesse2
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosise1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves in bean, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, and spinach”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves of eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae1 - Organ / stage
- upper leavese1
- Treatment
- Zinc excesse2
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosise1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves in bean, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, and spinach”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves of pepper.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves in bean, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, and spinach”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves of cabbage.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Organ / stage
- upper leavese1
- Treatment
- Zinc excesse2
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosise1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves in bean, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, and spinach”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae1 - Organ / stage
- upper leavese1
- Treatment
- Zinc excesse2
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosise1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves in bean, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, and spinach”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced chlorosis on lower leaves of lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Organ / stage
- lower leavese1
- Treatment
- Zinc excesse2
- Outcome
- chlorosise1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In lettuce and celery chlorosis was induced on lower leaves”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc excess induced chlorosis on lower leaves of celery.
- Taxon
- celery
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=60)
Apium graveolens Dulce Groupe1 - Organ / stage
- lower leavese1
- Treatment
- Zinc excesse2
- Outcome
- chlorosise1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“In lettuce and celery chlorosis was induced on lower leaves”
e2“Zinc excess induced interveinal chlorosis on upper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing potassium and calcium supply reduced the severity of zinc-induced chlorosis.
- Taxon
- Vegetable Cropst0
- Treatment
- Increasing the supply of potassium and calciume3
- Outcome
- severity of zinc-induced chlorosise3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Heavy Metal Toxicities in Vegetable Crops”
e3“Increasing the supply of potassium and calcium reduced the severity of zinc-induced chlorosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and calcium had no markedly different beneficial effect on zinc-induced chlorosis.
Verbatim
t0“Heavy Metal Toxicities in Vegetable Crops”
e4“There was not so marked difference between the beneficial effect of potassium and that of calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing potassium and calcium supply alleviated the growth reduction of vegetable crops due to zinc excess.
- Taxon
- vegetable cropse5
- Treatment
- Increasing the supply of potassium and calciume5
- Outcome
- growth reductione5
- Direction
- alleviatinge5
- Qualifier
- due to zinc excesse5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e5“Increasing the supply of potassium and calcium was effective in alleviating the growth reduction of vegetable crops due to zinc excess”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium alleviated the growth reduction of vegetable crops more markedly than potassium.
Verbatim
e6“This effect was generally more marked with calcium than with potassium”
e5“Increasing the supply of potassium and calcium was effective in alleviating the growth reduction of vegetable crops due to zinc excess”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zinc level increased zinc concentration in leaves of vegetable crops.
- Taxon
- vegetable cropse7
- Treatment
- increasing zinc level in the nutrient solutione7
- Outcome
- zinc concentration in leavese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“With increasing zinc level in the nutrient solution the zinc concentration in leaves of vegetable crops increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing potassium and calcium supply suppressed excessive accumulation of zinc in leaves.
- Taxon
- Vegetable Cropst0
- Treatment
- Increasing the supply of potassium and calciume0
- Outcome
- excessive accumulation of zinc in leavese0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Heavy Metal Toxicities in Vegetable Crops”
e0“Increasing the supply of potassium and calcium suppressed excessive accumulation of zinc in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium had a stronger influence than potassium on zinc accumulation in leaves.
Verbatim
t0“Heavy Metal Toxicities in Vegetable Crops”
e0“The influence of calcium was generally stronger than that of potassium”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc concentration in leaves was closely related to growth reduction in vegetable crops regardless of potassium and calcium treatments.
- Taxon
- vegetable cropse0
- Compound
- zince0
- Outcome
- growth reductione0
- Qualifier
- regardless of potassium and calcium treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In any vegetable crops, regardless of potassium and calcium treatments, zinc concentration in leaves was closely related to the growth reduction due to zinc toxicities”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.