Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of enhancing the antioxidant properties of germinated rice seeds cv. Kum Doi Saket, a pigmented rice variety cultivated in northern Thailand, using salinity. Rice seeds were soaked in 0, 25, 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl for 12 hours, sown on 0.7% agar supplemented with the same NaCl concentrations for soaking at 28 ± 2°C in the dark for 5 days. Germination percentage, growth of seedlings, antioxidant capacities, total phenolic content, and activities of Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Catalase (CAT) were examined. The results showed that germination was not affected by 25 and 75 mM NaCl, but was significantly reduced by 17% and 100% under 150 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. Fresh weight was not affected by 25 mm NaCl, whereas all NaCl concentrations significantly reduced the shoot length of germinated seeds. Root length was significantly reduced by 150 and 300 mM NaCl. Antioxidant capacities, quantified by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and total phenolic content significantly increased in germinated seeds treated with 150 mM NaCl. A high positive correlation between antioxidant capacities and total phenolic content was found. APX activities increased with germination time, reached the highest peak on day 2 for the control, and on day 4 for salt treatments with 150 mM NaCl showing the highest activity. CAT activities of the control reached the maximum on day 2, whereas it showed different highest peaks for salt treatments; salinity reduced the activity of CAT during germination. These results suggest that antioxidant properties of Kum Doi Saket germinated rice seeds are enhanced by salinity stress of 150 mM NaCl. This is an alternative way to elevate antioxidant properties for consumption and for further pharmaceutical application of germinated Thai rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Germination was unaffected at 25 and 75 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Kum Doi Sakett0
- Treatment
- 25 and 75 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination was not affected by 25 and 75 mM NaCl”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
150 mM NaCl significantly reduced germination by 17%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination was not affected by 25 and 75 mM NaCl, but was significantly reduced by 17% and 100% under 150 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively”
e1“germinated seeds treated with 150 mM NaCl”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
300 mM NaCl significantly reduced germination by 100%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination was not affected by 25 and 75 mM NaCl, but was significantly reduced by 17% and 100% under 150 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
25 mm NaCl did not affect fresh weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 mm NaCle0
- Outcome
- Fresh weighte0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight was not affected by 25 mm NaCl”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested NaCl levels significantly reduced shoot length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- all NaCl concentrationse0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all NaCl concentrations significantly reduced the shoot length of germinated seeds”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
150 and 300 mM NaCl significantly reduced root length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 150 and 300 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Root lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root length was significantly reduced by 150 and 300 mM NaCl.”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
150 mM NaCl significantly increased DPPH and ABTS antioxidant capacities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant capacities, quantified by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assayse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant capacities, quantified by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and total phenolic content significantly increased in germinated seeds treated with 150 mM NaCl.”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
150 mM NaCl significantly increased total phenolic content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant capacities, quantified by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and total phenolic content significantly increased in germinated seeds treated with 150 mM NaCl.”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant capacities correlated highly and positively with total phenolic content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitiese0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Comparator
- total phenolic contente0
Not reportedCompound
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high positive correlation between antioxidant capacities and total phenolic content was found.”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
APX activity increased over germination and peaked on day 2 in controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Gene
- APXe0
- Outcome
- APX activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- day 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APX activities increased with germination time, reached the highest peak on day 2 for the control”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt, APX activity peaked on day 4.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmentse0
- Outcome
- highest activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- day 4e0
Not reportedGene
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on day 4 for salt treatments with 150 mM NaCl showing the highest activity.”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
150 mM NaCl showed the highest APX activity among salt treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- salt treatmentse0
Not reportedGene
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on day 4 for salt treatments with 150 mM NaCl showing the highest activity.”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
Control CAT activity peaked on day 2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- CAT activitiese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- day 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAT activities of the control reached the maximum on day 2”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatments had different CAT activity peak days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmentse0
- Outcome
- different highest peakse0
Not reportedGeneDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it showed different highest peaks for salt treatments”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced CAT activity during germination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity reduced the activity of CAT during germination.”
t0“Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
99 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
124 papers more in this group
See all 128 papers →sodium chloride · quality: phytochemicals · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.