Abstract
ABSTRACT The study was conducted to determine the effects of applying wood-ash to two soils amended with partially-decomposed cattle and chicken manure on the uptake of nutrients, early growth and dry matter yields of maize (Zea mays L.). A clay and silty loam soils were used. Manure was applied to each soil in pots at rates equivalent to 0, 5, and 15 t ha−1 while ash was applied to each of the manure treatments at rates equivalent to 0 and 2 t ha−1. In both soils, the addition of chicken manure produced higher plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant, dry matter yield and tissue concentration of protein, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) than cattle manure. The responses of maize due to manure application were higher in the loam than clay soil. Application of cattle manure produced responses, which were less than control in many cases. This was presumed to be due to microbial immobilization of nutrients. Generally, wood-ash improved the responses of maize in the loam but not in the clay soil. The addition of wood-ash to manure in clay soil reduced plant height, dry matter yield, plant tissue protein and phosphorus of maize compared to the control. In both soils however, the addition of wood-ash improved responses where cattle and not chicken manure was applied. In the latter, the increases in response due to manure rate were higher without ash than with ash. Within the cattle manure rates, wood-ash produced better responses when 5 t ha−1 manure was applied compared to 15 t ha−1. It is suggested that higher rates of wood-ash application may have been necessary.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure produced higher plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant than cattle manure in both soils.
- Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cattle manuree0
- Setting
- both soilse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both soils, the addition of chicken manure produced higher plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant, dry matter yield and tissue concentration of protein, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) than cattle manure.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure produced higher dry matter yield than cattle manure in both soils.
- Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cattle manuree0
- Setting
- both soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both soils, the addition of chicken manure produced higher plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant, dry matter yield and tissue concentration of protein, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) than cattle manure.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure produced higher tissue concentration of protein, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) than cattle manure in both soils.
- Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- tissue concentration of protein, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cattle manuree0
- Setting
- both soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both soils, the addition of chicken manure produced higher plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant, dry matter yield and tissue concentration of protein, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) than cattle manure.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize responded more to manure in loam than clay soil.
- Treatment
- manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- responses of maizee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- clay soile0
- Setting
- loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The responses of maize due to manure application were higher in the loam than clay soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure produced maize responses below control in many cases.
- Treatment
- cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- in many casese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of cattle manure produced responses, which were less than control in many cases.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood ash generally improved maize responses in loam.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, wood-ash improved the responses of maize in the loam but not in the clay soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood ash did not improve maize responses in clay soil.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, wood-ash improved the responses of maize in the loam but not in the clay soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding wood ash to manure in clay soil reduced maize plant height versus control.
- Treatment
- wood-ash to manuree0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- clay soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of wood-ash to manure in clay soil reduced plant height, dry matter yield, plant tissue protein and phosphorus of maize compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding wood ash to manure in clay soil reduced maize dry matter yield versus control.
- Treatment
- wood-ash to manuree0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- clay soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of wood-ash to manure in clay soil reduced plant height, dry matter yield, plant tissue protein and phosphorus of maize compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding wood ash to manure in clay soil reduced maize plant tissue protein and phosphorus versus control.
- Treatment
- wood-ash to manuree0
- Outcome
- plant tissue protein and phosphoruse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- clay soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of wood-ash to manure in clay soil reduced plant height, dry matter yield, plant tissue protein and phosphorus of maize compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood ash improved maize responses with cattle manure in both soils.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both soils however, the addition of wood-ash improved responses where cattle and not chicken manure was applied.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing chicken manure rate produced greater maize responses without ash than with ash.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the latter, the increases in response due to manure rate were higher without ash than with ash.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
With cattle manure, wood ash produced better maize responses at 5 than 15 t ha−1.
- Treatment
- wood-ashe0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 5 t ha−1 manuree0
- Comparator
- 15 t ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within the cattle manure rates, wood-ash produced better responses when 5 t ha−1 manure was applied compared to 15 t ha−1.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that higher wood ash rates may have been needed.
- Outcome
- higher rates of wood-ash applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that higher rates of wood-ash application may have been necessary.”
t0“maize”
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