Abstract
The effects of in vivo copper on the lipid composition of root plasma membrane and the activities of membrane‐bound enzymes, such as NADPH‐dependent oxidases and lipoxygenase, were studied. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture for 11 d without Cu supply or in the presence of 50 μM Cu. Control plants were supplied with 0.3 μM Cu. Growth of roots was severely affected in the 50 μM Cu‐grown plants, whereas roots grown in Cu‐deficient solution did not show any difference in comparison with the control. The 50 μM Cu concentration caused an increase in the leakage of K + ions as well. Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane, a higher phospholipid amount and a reduction of steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides). Cu depletion in the growth solution had only a slight effect on the plasma membrane lipid composition. In comparison with the control, only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio as well as a change in the phospholipid composition, with a lower phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio. The degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranes decreased following the 0 Cu treatment and even more after the 50 μM Cu supply. Plasma membranes of wheat grown under metal deficiency and excess showed increased NADPH‐dependent superoxide‐producing oxidase activities, whereas membrane‐bound lipoxygenase was not increased or activated due to Cu treatments. The consequences of changes in plasma membrane lipid composition and activated oxygen production as a result of Cu treatments are discussed.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper severely affected wheat root growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 50 μM Cue0
- Outcome
- Growth of rootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Growth of roots was severely affected in the 50 μM Cu‐grown plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper deficiency left wheat root growth unchanged relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Cu‐deficient solutione0
- Outcome
- roots growne0
- Direction
- did not show any differencee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“roots grown in Cu‐deficient solution did not show any difference in comparison with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper increased potassium ion leakage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 50 μM Cue0
- Outcome
- leakage of K + ionse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The 50 μM Cu concentration caused an increase in the leakage of K + ions as well”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper reduced total plasma membrane lipid content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Excess metal supplye0
- Outcome
- total lipid content of plasma membranee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper increased membrane phospholipid amount.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Excess metal supplye0
- Outcome
- phospholipid amounte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane, a higher phospholipid amount”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper reduced free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“a reduction of steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper depletion had only a slight effect on plasma membrane lipid composition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu depletione0
- Outcome
- plasma membrane lipid compositione0
- Qualifier
- only a slight effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Cu depletion in the growth solution had only a slight effect on the plasma membrane lipid composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper decreased the membrane lipid to protein ratio relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- excess of Cue0
- Outcome
- lipid to protein ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“In comparison with the control, only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper lowered the phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- excess of Cue0
- Outcome
- phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio as well as a change in the phospholipid composition, with a lower phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper deficiency decreased root plasma membrane unsaturation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0 Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranes decreased following the 0 Cu treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper decreased root plasma membrane unsaturation even more than copper deficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 50 μM Cu supplye0
- Outcome
- degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0 Cu treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranes decreased following the 0 Cu treatment and even more after the 50 μM Cu supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper deficiency increased membrane NADPH dependent superoxide producing oxidase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metal deficiencye0
- Outcome
- NADPH‐dependent superoxide‐producing oxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Plasma membranes of wheat grown under metal deficiency and excess showed increased NADPH‐dependent superoxide‐producing oxidase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper increased membrane NADPH dependent superoxide producing oxidase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- excesse0
- Outcome
- NADPH‐dependent superoxide‐producing oxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Plasma membranes of wheat grown under metal deficiency and excess showed increased NADPH‐dependent superoxide‐producing oxidase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatments did not increase or activate membrane bound lipoxygenase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmentse0
- Outcome
- membrane‐bound lipoxygenasee0
- Direction
- not increased or activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“membrane‐bound lipoxygenase was not increased or activated due to Cu treatments”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.