Abstract
Plants produce a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and this release plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Although certain factors controlling the emission rates of VOCs from plants are reasonably well understood, the influence of abiotic stress, such as elevated ozone concentrations, is unknown. Therefore, the emission of VOCs from tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel B and Bel W3) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were studied in continuously stirred tank reactors under ozone exposure. A pulse treatment (5 h) with 120–170 nmol/mol ozone induced visible damages in the ozone-sensitive tobacco cv. Bel W3, while the more tolerant cv. Bel B seemed to be unaffected. The total amount and dynamics of the emission were studied. Both cultivars emitted methyl salicylate and a series of sesquiterpenes after the ozone treatment, but the response was less pronounced for Bel B plants. C6-volatiles that are thought to be derived from the lipoxygenase pathway were emitted only from Bel W3 plants. The results give further support to the hypothesis that the ozone-induced reactions of the ozone-sensitive Bel W3 plants resemble the hypersensitive response found after pathogen attack. Long-term ozone treatment (50 nmol/mol, 8 h/d) of pine led to 40% increased emissions of monoterpenes, while no damage was visible on the needles. Since VOCs are precursors of ozone, an increased VOC emission as a consequence of elevated ozone concentrations in the troposphere may lead to feedback mechanisms in photooxidant formation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A 5-hour ozone pulse caused visible damage in tobacco cv. Bel W3.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- Bel W3e0
- Treatment
- A pulse treatment (5 h) with 120–170 nmol/mol ozonee0
- Outcome
- visible damagese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pulse treatment (5 h) with 120–170 nmol/mol ozone induced visible damages in the ozone-sensitive tobacco cv. Bel W3”
Claim · model-written summary
The same ozone pulse appeared not to damage tobacco cv. Bel B.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Bel Be0
- Treatment
- A pulse treatment (5 h) with 120–170 nmol/mol ozonee0
- Outcome
- seemed to be unaffectede0
- Comparator
- Bel W3e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pulse treatment (5 h) with 120–170 nmol/mol ozone induced visible damages in the ozone-sensitive tobacco cv. Bel W3, while the more tolerant cv. Bel B seemed to be unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco cv. Bel W3 emitted methyl salicylate and sesquiterpenes after ozone treatment.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Material
- Bel W3e1
- Treatment
- ozone treatmente0
- Outcome
- emitted methyl salicylate and a series of sesquiterpenese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both cultivars emitted methyl salicylate and a series of sesquiterpenes after the ozone treatment”
e1“tobacco cv. Bel W3”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco cv. Bel B emitted methyl salicylate and sesquiterpenes after ozone treatment, with a less pronounced response.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Material
- Bel Be0
- Treatment
- ozone treatmente0
- Outcome
- emitted methyl salicylate and a series of sesquiterpenese0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Bel W3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both cultivars emitted methyl salicylate and a series of sesquiterpenes after the ozone treatment, but the response was less pronounced for Bel B plants”
e1“tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel B and Bel W3)”
Claim · model-written summary
C6-volatiles were emitted only by tobacco cv. Bel W3.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Material
- Bel W3e0
- Outcome
- C6-volatiles that are thought to be derived from the lipoxygenase pathway were emittede0
- Comparator
- Bel Be1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C6-volatiles that are thought to be derived from the lipoxygenase pathway were emitted only from Bel W3 plants”
e1“tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel B and Bel W3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term ozone exposure increased Scots pine monoterpene emissions by 40%.
- Taxon
- Scots pine
Pinus sylvestrise1 - Treatment
- Long-term ozone treatment (50 nmol/mol, 8 h/d)e0
- Outcome
- emissions of monoterpenese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long-term ozone treatment (50 nmol/mol, 8 h/d) of pine led to 40% increased emissions of monoterpenes”
e1“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Scots pine needles showed no visible damage under long-term ozone treatment.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise1
- Organ / stage
- needlese0
- Treatment
- Long-term ozone treatment (50 nmol/mol, 8 h/d)e0
- Outcome
- no damage was visible on the needlese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long-term ozone treatment (50 nmol/mol, 8 h/d) of pine led to 40% increased emissions of monoterpenes, while no damage was visible on the needles”
e1“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret ozone-sensitive Bel W3 reactions as resembling the hypersensitive response to pathogen attack.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Material
- Bel W3e0
- Outcome
- ozone-induced reactionse0
- Comparator
- hypersensitive response found after pathogen attacke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ozone-induced reactions of the ozone-sensitive Bel W3 plants resemble the hypersensitive response found after pathogen attack”
e1“tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel B and Bel W3)”