Abstract
In order to explore the use of groundwater resources, field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years during 2012-2014 in the Shiyang River basin of Northwest China. Irrigation was conducted using four different water salinity levels that were arranged in a split plot design. These four water salinity levels were s0, s3, s6 and s9 (0.71, 3, 6 and 9 g/L, respectively). The soil salt content, soil bulk density, soil porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, plant height, leaf area index and yield of maize for seed production were measured for studying the effects of saline water irrigation on soil salt content distribution, soil physical properties and water use efficiency. It was observed that higher salinity level of irrigation water and long duration of saline water irrigation resulted in more salt accumulation. Compared to initial values, the soil salt accumulation in 0-100 cm soil layer after three years of experiments for s0, s3, s6 and s9 was 0.189 mg/cm3, 0.654 mg/cm3, 0.717 mg/cm3 and 1.135 mg/cm3, respectively. Both greater salt levels in the irrigation water and frequent saline water irrigation led to greater soil bulk density, but poorer soil porosity and less saturated hydraulic conductivity. The saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with increase in soil bulk density, but increased with improvement in soil porosity. It was noted that the maize height, leaf area index and maize yield gradually decreased with increase in water salinity. The maize yield decreased over 25% and the water use efficiency also gradually declined when irrigated with water containing 6 g/L and 9 g/L salinity levels. However, maize yield following saline water irrigation with 3 g/L decreased less than 20% and the decline in water use efficiency was not significant during the three-year experiment period. The results demonstrate that irrigation with saline water at the level of 6 g/L and 9 g/L in the study area is not suitable, while saline water irrigation with 3 g/L would be acceptable for a short duration together with salt leaching through spring irrigation before sowing. Keywords: saline water irrigation, soil salt content distribution, soil physical properties, maize for seed production, water use efficiency DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181103.3146 Citation: Yuan C F, Feng S Y, Wang J, Huo Z L, Ji Q Y. Effects of irrigation water salinity on soil salt content distribution, soil physical properties and water use efficiency of maize for seed production in arid Northwest China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(3): 137–145.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation salinity and duration increased soil salt accumulation.
- Treatment
- higher salinity level of irrigation water and long duration of saline water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- salt accumulatione0
- Direction
- moree0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher salinity level of irrigation water and long duration of saline water irrigation resulted in more salt accumulation”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salt accumulation after three years was 0.189 mg/cm3 with s0.
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil salt accumulation in 0-100 cm soil layer after three years of experiments for s0, s3, s6 and s9 was 0.189 mg/cm3, 0.654 mg/cm3, 0.717 mg/cm3 and 1.135 mg/cm3, respectively”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salt accumulation after three years was 0.654 mg/cm3 with s3.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil salt accumulation in 0-100 cm soil layer after three years of experiments for s0, s3, s6 and s9 was 0.189 mg/cm3, 0.654 mg/cm3, 0.717 mg/cm3 and 1.135 mg/cm3, respectively”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salt accumulation after three years was 0.717 mg/cm3 with s6.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil salt accumulation in 0-100 cm soil layer after three years of experiments for s0, s3, s6 and s9 was 0.189 mg/cm3, 0.654 mg/cm3, 0.717 mg/cm3 and 1.135 mg/cm3, respectively”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salt accumulation after three years was 1.135 mg/cm3 with s9.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil salt accumulation in 0-100 cm soil layer after three years of experiments for s0, s3, s6 and s9 was 0.189 mg/cm3, 0.654 mg/cm3, 0.717 mg/cm3 and 1.135 mg/cm3, respectively”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater saline irrigation increased soil bulk density.
- Treatment
- greater salt levels in the irrigation water and frequent saline water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater salt levels in the irrigation water and frequent saline water irrigation led to greater soil bulk density”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater saline irrigation reduced soil porosity.
- Treatment
- greater salt levels in the irrigation water and frequent saline water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil porositye0
- Direction
- poorere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater salt levels in the irrigation water and frequent saline water irrigation led to greater soil bulk density, but poorer soil porosity”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater saline irrigation reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“frequent saline water irrigation led to greater soil bulk density, but poorer soil porosity and less saturated hydraulic conductivity”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydraulic conductivity decreased as bulk density increased.
- Outcome
- saturated hydraulic conductivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- increase in soil bulk densitye0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with increase in soil bulk density”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydraulic conductivity increased with soil porosity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with increase in soil bulk density, but increased with improvement in soil porosity”
t0“soil physical properties and water use efficiency of maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize height and leaf area index decreased as irrigation salinity increased.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maize height, leaf area index and maize yield gradually decreased with increase in water salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield decreased as irrigation salinity increased.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize yield gradually decreased with increase in water salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield decreased over 25% at 6 and 9 g/L salinity.
- Treatment
- water containing 6 g/L and 9 g/L salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- over 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize yield decreased over 25% and the water use efficiency also gradually declined when irrigated with water containing 6 g/L and 9 g/L salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency declined at 6 and 9 g/L salinity.
- Treatment
- water containing 6 g/L and 9 g/L salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water use efficiency also gradually declined when irrigated with water containing 6 g/L and 9 g/L salinity levels”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield decreased less than 20% at 3 g/L salinity.
- Treatment
- saline water irrigation with 3 g/Le0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- less than 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize yield following saline water irrigation with 3 g/L decreased less than 20%”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency decline at 3 g/L was not significant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize yield following saline water irrigation with 3 g/L decreased less than 20% and the decline in water use efficiency was not significant during the three-year experiment period”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judge 6 and 9 g/L saline irrigation unsuitable in the study area.
- Outcome
- irrigation with saline water at the level of 6 g/L and 9 g/L in the study area is not suitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation with saline water at the level of 6 g/L and 9 g/L in the study area is not suitable”
t0“maize for seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider 3 g/L irrigation acceptable briefly with spring salt leaching.
- Outcome
- saline water irrigation with 3 g/L would be acceptable for a short duration together with salt leaching through spring irrigation before sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saline water irrigation with 3 g/L would be acceptable for a short duration together with salt leaching through spring irrigation before sowing”
t0“maize for seed production”
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