Abstract
Geranium callus produced from explants of stem tip, internode pith with vascular tissue on synthetic media with or without coconut milk and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid grew well for many generations, but only tracheids were induced in them. If callus produced on these media was subcultured immediately on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.1 mg/liter/α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 10.0 mg/liter kinetin (K) and incubated at 16/8-hr light/dark cycle, shoots were induced in 8-10 weeks and roots in another 8-10 weeks. Callus produced on the MS medium with the same supplements of NAA and K, subcultured on the same medium and incubated in 16/8-hr light/dark cycle, produced shoots in 6-8 weeks. However, on callus subcultured more than three times, shoots differentiated with greater difficulty and none differentiated after six subcultures. Some abnormal shoot-like structures were also produced, the cells of which showed virus-like inclusion bodies. Requirements of the different varieties for differentiating organs differed. Among 12/12-, 15/9-, 16/8-, and 20/4-hr light/dark photoperiods that induced differentiation, 15/9- and 16/8-hr were more effective than the others. Continuous illumination did not induce differentiation. Differentiated shoots formed roots more readily on a medium with reversed proportions of auxin and kinetin. On agar roots were devoid of root hairs. Root hairs were formed when the shoots and plantlets were cultured on filter-paper bridges. Many “mother” stock plants were produced. These are being studied for their growth qualities and for possible viruses and other pathogens.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Geranium callus on synthetic media grew for many generations but only tracheids were induced.
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- synthetic media with or without coconut milk and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide0
- Outcome
- only tracheids were inducede0
GeraniumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Geranium callus produced from explants of stem tip, internode pith with vascular tissue on synthetic media with or without coconut milk and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid grew well for many generations, but only tracheids were induced in them”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots were induced in 8-10 weeks from callus subcultured on MS medium with NAA and kinetin.
- Treatment
- Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.1 mg/liter/α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 10.0 mg/liter kinetin (K)e0
- Outcome
- shoots were inducede0
- Value
- 8-10 weekse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“If callus produced on these media was subcultured immediately on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.1 mg/liter/α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 10.0 mg/liter kinetin (K) and incubated at 16/8-hr light/dark cycle, shoots were induced in 8-10 weeks and roots in another 8-10 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots were induced in another 8-10 weeks after shoots on the same subcultured callus.
- Treatment
- Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.1 mg/liter/α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 10.0 mg/liter kinetin (K)e0
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Value
- in another 8-10 weekse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“If callus produced on these media was subcultured immediately on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.1 mg/liter/α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 10.0 mg/liter kinetin (K) and incubated at 16/8-hr light/dark cycle, shoots were induced in 8-10 weeks and roots in another 8-10 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots were produced in 6-8 weeks from callus on MS medium with the same NAA and kinetin supplements.
- Organ / stage
- Calluse0
- Treatment
- MS medium with the same supplements of NAA and Ke0
- Outcome
- shootse0
- Value
- 6-8 weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Callus produced on the MS medium with the same supplements of NAA and K, subcultured on the same medium and incubated in 16/8-hr light/dark cycle, produced shoots in 6-8 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot differentiation was more difficult on callus subcultured more than three times.
- Treatment
- callus subcultured more than three timese0
- Outcome
- shoots differentiatede0
- Direction
- with greater difficultye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“on callus subcultured more than three times, shoots differentiated with greater difficulty”
Claim · model-written summary
No shoots differentiated after six subcultures of the callus.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“none differentiated after six subcultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Abnormal shoot-like structures were produced.
- Outcome
- abnormal shoot-like structurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Some abnormal shoot-like structures were also produced, the cells of which showed virus-like inclusion bodies”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells of the abnormal shoot-like structures showed virus-like inclusion bodies.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Some abnormal shoot-like structures were also produced, the cells of which showed virus-like inclusion bodies”
Claim · model-written summary
Different varieties differed in their requirements for differentiating organs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Requirements of the different varieties for differentiating organs differed”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15/9-hr and 16/8-hr photoperiods were more effective than the other photoperiods for differentiation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Among 12/12-, 15/9-, 16/8-, and 20/4-hr light/dark photoperiods that induced differentiation, 15/9- and 16/8-hr were more effective than the others”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous illumination did not induce differentiation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Continuous illumination did not induce differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots formed roots more readily on a medium with reversed proportions of auxin and kinetin.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Differentiated shoots formed roots more readily on a medium with reversed proportions of auxin and kinetin”
Claim · model-written summary
On agar, roots were devoid of root hairs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“On agar roots were devoid of root hairs”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hairs were formed when shoots and plantlets were cultured on filter-paper bridges.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“Root hairs were formed when the shoots and plantlets were cultured on filter-paper bridges”
Claim · model-written summary
Many stock plants were produced from the regenerated material.
- Outcome
- stock plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium Plants”
e0“stock plants were produced”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →class · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.