Abstract
TWO FIELD experiments were carried out at Malawi Agricultural Research Station, Minia Governorate, Egypt during 2008 and 2009 summer seasons, to study the effect of cowpea intercropping date on maize (the first one) and sorghum (the second one) on productivity and associated weeds. Three intercropping dates of cowpea with maize or sorghum were three weeks preceding (D1), synchronized plantation (D2) and post maize or sorghum plantation with three weeks (D3) as well as the solid plantation of the three crops. The results indicated that cowpea intercropping date significantly affected plant heights of either maize or sorghum. The preceding cowpea intercropping (D1) significantly decreased maize and sorghum plant height while neither (D2) nor (D3) had shown significant effects on plant height. The grain yields of both maize and sorghum were remarkedly reduced by 50.4 and 36.6% with preceding cowpea intercropping, respectively, while the post plantation cowpea intercropping (D3) tended to insignificant increase the grain yield of maize or sorghum. Effective reduction reached 90% and 93.7% of weed biomass when maize and sorghum were intercropped with cowpea at the same time (D2), respectively. The post plantation cowpea intercropping with maize and sorghum caused less weed biomass reductions reached 65.5% and 80.6%, respectively. Green forage yield of cowpea overall cuts was decreased as the results of post plantation cowpea intercropping (D3) than the other two dates (D1 and D2). The reduction was 63.4 and 70.2% when cowpea as compared with solid cropping of cowpea was intercropped with maize and sorghum, respectively, while, the reduction diminished to 27.5% and 32.4% when the preceding cropping of maize and sorghum was applied. Maize and sorghum were the dominant crops, whereas cowpea was the dominated one. The highest land equivalent ratios recorded 1.4 when cowpea intercropped three weeks after maize (D3) and 1.5 for synchronized cowpea intercropping (D2) with maize and sorghum, respectively. The most benefit realized was associated with post plantation cowpea intercropped with maize expressed as monetary index of 1840.63. The total actual yield loss was negative in the three intercropping dates with maize or sorghum which decrease in yield of these crops compared with solid state. It could be concluded that synchronized cowpea intercropping (D2) with maize and sorghum is the most profitable and preferred for reducing weed infestation.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Preceding cowpea intercropping significantly reduced maize height.
- Treatment
- preceding cowpea intercropping (D1)e0
- Outcome
- maize and sorghum plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The preceding cowpea intercropping (D1) significantly decreased maize and sorghum plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Preceding cowpea intercropping significantly reduced sorghum height.
- Treatment
- preceding cowpea intercropping (D1)e0
- Outcome
- maize and sorghum plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The preceding cowpea intercropping (D1) significantly decreased maize and sorghum plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Synchronized or later cowpea planting did not significantly affect maize and sorghum height.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither (D2) nor (D3) had shown significant effects on plant height”
e1“cowpea intercropping date on maize (the first one) and sorghum (the second one)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preceding cowpea intercropping reduced maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields of both maize and sorghum were remarkedly reduced by 50.4 and 36.6% with preceding cowpea intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Preceding cowpea intercropping reduced sorghum grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields of both maize and sorghum were remarkedly reduced by 50.4 and 36.6% with preceding cowpea intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Post planting cowpea tended toward a nonsignificant increase in maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post plantation cowpea intercropping (D3) tended to insignificant increase the grain yield of maize or sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Post planting cowpea tended toward a nonsignificant increase in sorghum grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post plantation cowpea intercropping (D3) tended to insignificant increase the grain yield of maize or sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Synchronized cowpea intercropping reduced weed biomass in maize.
- Treatment
- intercropped with cowpea at the same time (D2)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective reduction reached 90% and 93.7% of weed biomass when maize and sorghum were intercropped with cowpea at the same time (D2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Synchronized cowpea intercropping reduced weed biomass in sorghum.
- Treatment
- intercropped with cowpea at the same time (D2)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 93.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective reduction reached 90% and 93.7% of weed biomass when maize and sorghum were intercropped with cowpea at the same time (D2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Later cowpea intercropping reduced weed biomass in maize.
- Treatment
- post plantation cowpea intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 65.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post plantation cowpea intercropping with maize and sorghum caused less weed biomass reductions reached 65.5% and 80.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Later cowpea intercropping reduced weed biomass in sorghum.
- Treatment
- post plantation cowpea intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 80.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post plantation cowpea intercropping with maize and sorghum caused less weed biomass reductions reached 65.5% and 80.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Late cowpea intercropping with maize reduced cowpea forage yield.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- intercropped with maize and sorghume0
- Outcome
- Green forage yield of cowpeae1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 63.4e0
- Comparator
- solid cropping of cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction was 63.4 and 70.2% when cowpea as compared with solid cropping of cowpea was intercropped with maize and sorghum”
e1“Green forage yield of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Late cowpea intercropping with sorghum reduced cowpea forage yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- intercropped with maize and sorghume0
- Outcome
- Green forage yield of cowpeae1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 70.2%e0
- Comparator
- solid cropping of cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction was 63.4 and 70.2% when cowpea as compared with solid cropping of cowpea was intercropped with maize and sorghum”
e1“Green forage yield of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea forage yield reduction diminished under preceding cropping.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- preceding cropping of maize and sorghume0
- Outcome
- Green forage yield of cowpeae1
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- 27.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction diminished to 27.5% and 32.4% when the preceding cropping of maize and sorghum was applied”
e1“Green forage yield of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea forage yield reduction diminished under preceding cropping.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- preceding cropping of maize and sorghume0
- Outcome
- Green forage yield of cowpeae1
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- 32.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction diminished to 27.5% and 32.4% when the preceding cropping of maize and sorghum was applied”
e1“Green forage yield of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize and sorghum dominated cowpea in the intercropping systems.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- cowpea was the dominated onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize and sorghum were the dominant crops, whereas cowpea was the dominated one”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea planted three weeks after maize produced a land equivalent ratio of 1.4.
- Treatment
- cowpea intercropped three weeks after maize (D3)e0
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratiose0
- Value
- 1.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest land equivalent ratios recorded 1.4 when cowpea intercropped three weeks after maize (D3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Synchronized cowpea with sorghum yielded a land equivalent ratio of 1.5.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.5 for synchronized cowpea intercropping (D2) with maize and sorghum, respectively”
e1“land equivalent ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
Post planted cowpea with maize gave a monetary index of 1840.63.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post plantation cowpea intercropped with maize expressed as monetary index of 1840.63”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend synchronized cowpea intercropping for profit and weed suppression.
- Treatment
- synchronized cowpea intercropping (D2)e0
- Outcome
- most profitable and preferred for reducing weed infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synchronized cowpea intercropping (D2) with maize and sorghum is the most profitable and preferred for reducing weed infestation”
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See all 27 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.