Abstract
The effects of foliar application of 5 mM arginine (Arg) on the growth and control of salinity-induced osmotic and oxidative stresses (0, 200, 400 and 600 mM NaCl) in Salicornia europaea seedlings were investigated. Despite higher levels of lipid peroxidation, lower membrane stability index (MSI), decreased pigment content and phenolic compounds, and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes observed under salinity, seedling growth indices, including plant height and biomass, increased significantly, and some protective and antioxidant molecules such as proline and flavonoids accumulated. Soluble protein level increased at the low salt concentration (200 mM) but decreased at other doses. Exogenous Arg treatment alone had less or no effect on plant biomass and other metabolites, but in combination with salt, further enhanced growth parameters, MSI and accumulation of soluble protein, phenolic compounds and proline. Arg-induced changes under salinity were associated with decreased lipid peroxidation, flavonoids content and antioxidant enzymes activity. These results show that S. europaea seedlings are well tolerant to applied salt doses. The treatment with exogenous Arg alone affects plant growth slightly, but in combination with salt, synergistically increases growth and salt tolerance of these plants by enhancing the accumulation of proline and antioxidant molecules instead of enzymatic antioxidant.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaea
_01.jpg?width=60)
Salicornia europaeae2 - Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_01.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of lipid peroxidation”
e1“observed under salinity”
e2“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity lowered membrane stability index.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae2
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower membrane stability index (MSI)”
e1“observed under salinity”
e2“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased pigment content and phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae2
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- pigment content and phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased pigment content and phenolic compounds”
e1“observed under salinity”
e2“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes observed under salinity”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased seedling height and biomass.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae2
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant height and biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling growth indices, including plant height and biomass, increased significantly”
e1“observed under salinity”
e2“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity led to accumulation of proline and flavonoids.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae2
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- proline and flavonoidse0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline and flavonoids accumulated”
e1“observed under salinity”
e2“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mM salt, soluble protein increased.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- low salt concentration (200 mM)e0
- Outcome
- Soluble protein levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble protein level increased at the low salt concentration (200 mM)”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
At other salt doses, soluble protein decreased.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae2
- Treatment
- other dosese0
- Outcome
- Soluble protein levele1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but decreased at other doses”
e1“Soluble protein level increased at the low salt concentration (200 mM)”
e2“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine alone had little or no effect on biomass and other metabolites.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- Exogenous Arg treatment alonee0
- Outcome
- plant biomass and other metabolitese0
- Direction
- less or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Arg treatment alone had less or no effect on plant biomass and other metabolites”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine plus salt further enhanced growth parameters and membrane stability.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- in combination with salte0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, MSIe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in combination with salt, further enhanced growth parameters, MSI and accumulation of soluble protein, phenolic compounds and proline”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine plus salt enhanced accumulation of soluble protein, phenolic compounds and proline.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- in combination with salte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of soluble protein, phenolic compounds and prolinee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in combination with salt, further enhanced growth parameters, MSI and accumulation of soluble protein, phenolic compounds and proline”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine under salinity was associated with decreased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- Arge0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arg-induced changes under salinity were associated with decreased lipid peroxidation”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine under salinity was associated with decreased flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- Arge0
- Outcome
- flavonoids contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arg-induced changes under salinity were associated with decreased lipid peroxidation, flavonoids content and antioxidant enzymes activity”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine under salinity was associated with decreased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Salicornia europaeaSalicornia europaeae1
- Treatment
- Arge0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arg-induced changes under salinity were associated with decreased lipid peroxidation, flavonoids content and antioxidant enzymes activity”
e1“Salicornia europaea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that seedlings tolerate the applied salt doses well.
- Taxon
- S. europaeaSalicornia europaeae0
- Outcome
- well tolerant to applied salt dosese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. europaea seedlings are well tolerant to applied salt doses”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: pigments · Salicornia europaea (common glasswort)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
salinity · growth · Salicornia europaea (common glasswort)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →salinity · molecular: expression · Salicornia europaea (common glasswort)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.