Abstract
Rapeseed has been cultivated to produce non-edible and edible oil for thousands of years. It is known as the second-largest oilseed plant in the world with 24.6 million tons of oil production in 2021. The interventions that can be carried out during the cultivation of a plant with such a high production value are quite significant. Growth, enzymatic activities, and phytoremediation of rapeseed grown under heavy metal stress supported by humic acid (HA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) applications were investigated for the first time in this study. Three doses of EDTA (EDTA1:5 mmol/kg, EDTA2:10 mmol/kg, EDTA3:15 mmol/kg) and three doses of HA (HA1:500 mg/kg, HA2:1000 mg/kg, HA3:2000 mg/kg) were applied in heavy metal treated pots. According to experiment results, HA1 and HA2 applications increased plant dry and fresh weights, root dry and fresh weights. However, EDTA applications caused a decrease in shoot length, a number of leaves, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for Zn, Cr and Cd we found higher than in both shoots and roots of rapeseed. For all levels of EDTA, the values of BCF (shoot) and BCF (root), transfer factor (TF) and translocation factor (TLF) increased compared to HA applications. On the other hand, in comparison to heavy metal polluted soils alone (PS), all levels of HA resulted in significantly reduced APX and CAT enzyme activity, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. We concluded that humic substances exert a significant influence on plant growth and reduce heavy metal toxicity in polluted soils. At the same time, HA could be more effective than EDTA in terms of phytoremediation of Cr. HA can increase phytoremediation in polluted soils as it improves plant growth and oxidative stress
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
HA1 and HA2 applications increased plant dry and fresh weights of rapeseed under heavy metal stress.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- HA1 and HA2 applicationse1
- Outcome
- plant dry and fresh weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“HA1 and HA2 applications increased plant dry and fresh weights, root dry and fresh weights”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HA1 and HA2 applications increased root dry and fresh weights of rapeseed.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- HA1 and HA2 applicationse1
- Outcome
- root dry and fresh weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“HA1 and HA2 applications increased plant dry and fresh weights, root dry and fresh weights”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA applications decreased shoot length and number of leaves.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- EDTA applicationse1
- Outcome
- shoot length, a number of leavese1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“EDTA applications caused a decrease in shoot length, a number of leaves, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA applications decreased shoot fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- EDTA applicationse1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weightse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“EDTA applications caused a decrease in shoot length, a number of leaves, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA applications decreased root fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- EDTA applicationse1
- Outcome
- root fresh and dry weightse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“EDTA applications caused a decrease in shoot length, a number of leaves, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for Zn, Cr and Cd were found higher in both shoots and roots of rapeseed.
Verbatim
e1“Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for Zn, Cr and Cd we found higher than in both shoots and roots of rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
For all levels of EDTA, BCF (shoot) and BCF (root) increased compared to HA applications.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- all levels of EDTAe1
- Outcome
- BCF (shoot) and BCF (root)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- HA applicationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For all levels of EDTA, the values of BCF (shoot) and BCF (root), transfer factor (TF) and translocation factor (TLF) increased compared to HA applications”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
For all levels of EDTA, transfer factor (TF) and translocation factor (TLF) increased compared to HA applications.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- all levels of EDTAe1
- Outcome
- transfer factor (TF) and translocation factor (TLF)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- HA applicationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For all levels of EDTA, the values of BCF (shoot) and BCF (root), transfer factor (TF) and translocation factor (TLF) increased compared to HA applications”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with heavy metal polluted soils alone, all levels of HA significantly reduced APX and CAT enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- all levels of HAe1
- Outcome
- APX and CAT enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- heavy metal polluted soils alone (PS)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in comparison to heavy metal polluted soils alone (PS), all levels of HA resulted in significantly reduced APX and CAT enzyme activity, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with heavy metal polluted soils alone, all levels of HA significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- all levels of HAe1
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contentse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- heavy metal polluted soils alone (PS)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in comparison to heavy metal polluted soils alone (PS), all levels of HA resulted in significantly reduced APX and CAT enzyme activity, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that HA could be more effective than EDTA for phytoremediation of Cr.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- HAe1
- Outcome
- phytoremediation of Cre1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- EDTAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“HA could be more effective than EDTA in terms of phytoremediation of Cr”
t0“Brassica napus L.”
The same questions in other papers
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17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 19 papers →other · soil: biology · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.