Abstract
Background. Heavy metals in excessive levels are hazardous to ecosystems as they can bioaccumulate in organisms, have toxic effects on biota, and even cause mortality in most life forms. Methodology. The present study consists of two studies; initially, different concentrations of copper were biosorbed by using 1 gm powder of various biosorbents such as orange peels (OP), pomegranate peels (POP), and peanut peels (PP). Furthermore, the biosorbed water was used to irrigate soil when the mung beans were cultivated. The growth parameters of plants growing under induced copper stress and treated with different bioabsorbed waters were also evaluated. Results. The results revealed that, among all biosorbents, the copper biosorption capacity of orange peels was maximum (90%), followed by pomegranate peel. The results of the second experiment exhibited that the plants irrigated with biosorbed water did not show metal toxicity. A remarkable increase in shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight was observed (29.8 cm, 15.4 g, and 14 g, respectively) when exposed to biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+). Similarly, pomegranate peel biosorbed water turned out to be an effective treatment to enhance root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight (6.81 cm, 4.07 g, and 2.66 g, respectively) and resist against induced heavy metal stress conditions at higher concentration (200 mg kg−1). Furthermore, orange peel biosorbed water elevated the total chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content in mung bean (1.56 mg/g and 1.89 mg/g). The highest tolerance index of mung bean plant grown under the stress of Cu2+ metal was induced by orange peel biosorbed water. Conclusion. Biosorption is an environmentally friendly approach to mitigate heavy metals from the water. The studies showed that agricultural wastes have enough bioabsorption potential and should be used to absorb the heavy metal present in water.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peels had the highest copper biosorption capacity at 90%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“among all biosorbents, the copper biosorption capacity of orange peels was maximum (90%), followed by pomegranate peel.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mung bean plants irrigated with biosorbed water showed no metal toxicity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- biosorbed watere0
- Outcome
- metal toxicitye0
- Direction
- did not showe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the plants irrigated with biosorbed water did not show metal toxicity.”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut peel biosorbent water raised shoot length to 29.8 cm.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+)e0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 29.8 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A remarkable increase in shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight was observed (29.8 cm, 15.4 g, and 14 g, respectively) when exposed to biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+).”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut peel biosorbent water raised shoot fresh weight to 15.4 g.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+)e0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 15.4 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A remarkable increase in shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight was observed (29.8 cm, 15.4 g, and 14 g, respectively) when exposed to biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+).”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut peel biosorbent water raised shoot dry weight to 14 g.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+)e0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A remarkable increase in shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight was observed (29.8 cm, 15.4 g, and 14 g, respectively) when exposed to biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+).”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate peel biosorbed water enhanced root length to 6.81 cm.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- pomegranate peel biosorbed watere0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Value
- 6.81 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranate peel biosorbed water turned out to be an effective treatment to enhance root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight (6.81 cm, 4.07 g, and 2.66 g, respectively)”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate peel biosorbed water enhanced root fresh weight to 4.07 g.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- pomegranate peel biosorbed watere0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Value
- 4.07 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranate peel biosorbed water turned out to be an effective treatment to enhance root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight (6.81 cm, 4.07 g, and 2.66 g, respectively)”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate peel biosorbed water enhanced root dry weight to 2.66 g.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- pomegranate peel biosorbed watere0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Value
- 2.66 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranate peel biosorbed water turned out to be an effective treatment to enhance root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight (6.81 cm, 4.07 g, and 2.66 g, respectively)”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel biosorbed water elevated mung bean total chlorophyll to 1.56 mg/g.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- orange peel biosorbed watere0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 1.56 mg/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“orange peel biosorbed water elevated the total chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content in mung bean (1.56 mg/g and 1.89 mg/g).”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel biosorbed water elevated mung bean soluble sugar to 1.89 mg/g.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- orange peel biosorbed watere0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 1.89 mg/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“orange peel biosorbed water elevated the total chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content in mung bean (1.56 mg/g and 1.89 mg/g).”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel biosorbed water produced the highest mung bean copper tolerance index.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- orange peel biosorbed watere0
- Outcome
- tolerance indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest tolerance index of mung bean plant grown under the stress of Cu2+ metal was induced by orange peel biosorbed water.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend agricultural wastes to absorb heavy metals in water.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)Vigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- should be used to absorb the heavy metal present in watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agricultural wastes have enough bioabsorption potential and should be used to absorb the heavy metal present in water.”
t0“Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)”
The same questions in other papers
copper(2+) · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.