Abstract
Organic fertilizers have been used in agriculture to improve soil fertility, promote plant growth and protection which improves crop productivity. A field experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of organic fertilizers (compost and its water extract) on growth and yield of organic barley production. The results achieved showed that either compost (T3) or dual application with compost water extract (T4) as biofertilizers increased most yield parameters including straw yield as well as biological yield, number of grains per spike and grain income. With respect to photosynthesizing pigments, the application of T3 and T4 increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll as well as carotenoid content compared to control plants (T1). Nutrient uptake of barley plant, but not grain, also increased under T3 and T4 treatment. This suggests a promoting effect of compost on barley plant growth, development and productivity, as well as nutrient content. Overall findings indicate the effectiveness of compost and its extract application in significantly improving yield performances of barley crop under a field organic farming system. This indicates that compost and its extract could be used as organic fertilizer for barley cultivation under organic farming condition. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression of 24 candidate genes such as NRT1, NRT2, AMT and PHT involved in N and P metabolism in barley leaves and roots. This suggests that these genes may play various functions and control the uptake, transport, reduction, assimilation and translocation of nitrate, ammonium and phosphorus in barley vegetative organs.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased barley straw yield, biological yield and grain income.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- compost (T3)e0
- Outcome
- straw yield as well as biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“either compost (T3) or dual application with compost water extract (T4) as biofertilizers increased most yield parameters including straw yield as well as biological yield, number of grains per spike and grain income.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual compost and water extract application increased barley straw and biological yields.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- dual application with compost water extract (T4)e0
- Outcome
- straw yield as well as biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“either compost (T3) or dual application with compost water extract (T4) as biofertilizers increased most yield parameters including straw yield as well as biological yield, number of grains per spike and grain income.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased barley grains per spike and grain income.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- compost (T3)e0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spike and grain incomee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“either compost (T3) or dual application with compost water extract (T4) as biofertilizers increased most yield parameters including straw yield as well as biological yield, number of grains per spike and grain income.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual compost and water extract application increased grains per spike and grain income.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- dual application with compost water extract (T4)e0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spike and grain incomee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“either compost (T3) or dual application with compost water extract (T4) as biofertilizers increased most yield parameters including straw yield as well as biological yield, number of grains per spike and grain income.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 increased barley chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll relative to T1.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plants (T1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of T3 and T4 increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll as well as carotenoid content compared to control plants (T1)”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased barley chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll relative to T1.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plants (T1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of T3 and T4 increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll as well as carotenoid content compared to control plants (T1)”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 increased barley carotenoid content relative to T1.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plants (T1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of T3 and T4 increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll as well as carotenoid content compared to control plants (T1)”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased barley carotenoid content relative to T1.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plants (T1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of T3 and T4 increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll as well as carotenoid content compared to control plants (T1)”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 increased nutrient uptake in barley plants but not grain.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- Nutrient uptake of barley plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- but not graine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient uptake of barley plant, but not grain, also increased under T3 and T4 treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased nutrient uptake in barley plants but not grain.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- Nutrient uptake of barley plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- but not graine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient uptake of barley plant, but not grain, also increased under T3 and T4 treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and extract significantly improved barley yield performance in field organic farming.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- yield performancese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Setting
- field organic farming systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost and its extract application in significantly improving yield performances of barley crop under a field organic farming system”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-four candidate nutrient metabolism genes showed differential expression in barley leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Gene
- NRT1, NRT2, AMT and PHTe0
- Outcome
- differential expressione0
- Value
- 24 candidate genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression of 24 candidate genes such as NRT1, NRT2, AMT and PHT involved in N and P metabolism in barley leaves and roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the candidate genes may regulate nutrient uptake, transport and assimilation in barley organs.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- barley vegetative organse0
- Gene
- these genese0
- Outcome
- uptake, transport, reduction, assimilation and translocation of nitrate, ammonium and phosphoruse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these genes may play various functions and control the uptake, transport, reduction, assimilation and translocation of nitrate, ammonium and phosphorus in barley vegetative organs.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend compost and its extract as organic fertilizer for barley cultivation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- compost and its extracte0
- Outcome
- could be used as organic fertilizer for barley cultivatione0
- Qualifier
- under organic farming conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost and its extract could be used as organic fertilizer for barley cultivation under organic farming condition.”
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