Abstract
Ionizing radiation is abiotic stress limiting the growth and productivity of crop plants. Stigmasterol has positive effects on the plant growth of many crops. The role of stigmasterol in alleviating the effects of ionizing radiation on plant metabolism and development is still unclear. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatments with γ-radiation (0, 25, and 50 Gy), foliar application of stigmasterol (0, 100, and 200 ppm), and their interaction on the growth, and biochemical constituents of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants. Gamma radiation at 25 Gy showed no significant difference in plant height, root length, no. of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, Chl a, ABA, soluble phenols, and MDA compared to the control values. Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited shoot and root lengths, flag leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, proline, and peroxidase activity. However, it stimulated total phenols, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, stigmasterol at 100 ppm showed no significant effects on some of the physiological attributes compared to control plants. Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenols, antioxidant enzyme, gibberellic acid, and indole acetic acid. Correspondingly, it inhibited total soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the application of stigmasterol caused the appearance of new polypeptides and the reappearance of those missed by gamma radiation. Overall, stigmasterol could alleviate the adverse effects of gamma radiation on wheat plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma radiation at 25 Gy did not change plant height, root length or number of leaves
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Gamma radiation at 25 Gye2
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, no. of leavese2
- Direction
- no significant differencee2
- Comparator
- the control valuese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e2“Gamma radiation at 25 Gy showed no significant difference in plant height, root length, no. of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, Chl a, ABA, soluble phenols, and MDA compared to the control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma radiation at 25 Gy did not change shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight or Chl a
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Gamma radiation at 25 Gye2
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, Chl ae2
- Direction
- no significant differencee2
- Comparator
- the control valuese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e2“Gamma radiation at 25 Gy showed no significant difference in plant height, root length, no. of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, Chl a, ABA, soluble phenols, and MDA compared to the control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma radiation at 25 Gy did not change ABA, soluble phenols or MDA
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Gamma radiation at 25 Gye2
- Outcome
- ABA, soluble phenols, and MDAe2
- Direction
- no significant differencee2
- Comparator
- the control valuese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e2“Gamma radiation at 25 Gy showed no significant difference in plant height, root length, no. of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, Chl a, ABA, soluble phenols, and MDA compared to the control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited shoot and root lengths and flag leaf area
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Gamma rays at 50 Gye3
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengths, flag leaf areae3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e3“Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited shoot and root lengths, flag leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, proline, and peroxidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited shoot fresh and dry weights and photosynthetic pigments
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Gamma rays at 50 Gye3
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weights, photosynthetic pigmentse3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e3“Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited shoot and root lengths, flag leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, proline, and peroxidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited total soluble sugars, proline and peroxidase activity
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Gamma rays at 50 Gye3
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars, proline, and peroxidase activitye3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e3“Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited shoot and root lengths, flag leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, proline, and peroxidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma rays at 50 Gy stimulated total phenols, catalase activity and lipid peroxidation
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Gamma rays at 50 Gye3
- Outcome
- total phenols, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidatione4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e3“Gamma rays at 50 Gy inhibited shoot and root lengths, flag leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, proline, and peroxidase activity”
e4“However, it stimulated total phenols, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Stigmasterol at 100 ppm showed no significant effect on some physiological attributes
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- stigmasterol at 100 ppme5
- Outcome
- some of the physiological attributese5
- Direction
- no significant effectse5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e5“On the other hand, stigmasterol at 100 ppm showed no significant effects on some of the physiological attributes compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and proline
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Stigmasterol at 200 ppme6
- Outcome
- plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, prolinee6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e6“Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenols, antioxidant enzyme, gibberellic acid, and indole acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved phenols, antioxidant enzyme and gibberellic acid
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Stigmasterol at 200 ppme6
- Outcome
- phenols, antioxidant enzyme, gibberellic acide6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e6“Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenols, antioxidant enzyme, gibberellic acid, and indole acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved indole acetic acid
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Stigmasterol at 200 ppme6
- Outcome
- indole acetic acide6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e6“Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenols, antioxidant enzyme, gibberellic acid, and indole acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Stigmasterol at 200 ppm inhibited total soluble sugars, abscisic acid and lipid peroxidation
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- Stigmasterol at 200 ppme6
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and lipid peroxidatione7
- Direction
- inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e6“Stigmasterol at 200 ppm improved plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenols, antioxidant enzyme, gibberellic acid, and indole acetic acid”
e7“Correspondingly, it inhibited total soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Stigmasterol application caused appearance of new polypeptides and reappearance of those missed by gamma radiation
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- the application of stigmasterole2
- Gene
- new polypeptidese2
- Outcome
- the appearance of new polypeptidese2
- Comparator
- those missed by gamma radiatione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e2“Moreover, the application of stigmasterol caused the appearance of new polypeptides and the reappearance of those missed by gamma radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Stigmasterol could alleviate the adverse effects of gamma radiation on wheat
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids 12e1
- Treatment
- stigmasterole3
- Outcome
- adverse effects of gamma radiatione3
- Direction
- alleviatee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Sids 12) plants”
e3“Overall, stigmasterol could alleviate the adverse effects of gamma radiation on wheat plants”
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