Abstract
ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause severe damage to tomato crop. This study aimed to investigate the biocontrol potential of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus compared with that of the fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Pochonia chlamydosporia against Meloidogyne javanica in tomato and assess the activity of defense-related enzymes in mycorrhizal roots. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate mycorrhizal colonization, nematode penetration, development, and reproduction, plant growth, and enzyme activity in mycorrhizal roots. We observed that R. clarus colonization of tomato roots increased with time. Although R. clarus did not prevent nematode penetration or development in roots, it was efficient in reducing total nematode numbers. R. clarus, T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia treatments reduced nematode reproduction by 56.5, 54.4, and 56.9%, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, R. clarus increased tomato shoot weight and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
R. clarus colonization of tomato roots increased with time.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- R. clarusRhizophagus claruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization of tomato rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. clarus colonization of tomato roots increased with time.”
Claim · model-written summary
R. clarus did not prevent nematode penetration in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- R. claruse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. clarusRhizophagus claruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- nematode penetratione0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although R. clarus did not prevent nematode penetration or development in roots”
t0“tomato”
t1“Meloidogyne javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
R. clarus did not prevent nematode development in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- R. claruse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. clarusRhizophagus claruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- development in rootse0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although R. clarus did not prevent nematode penetration or development in roots”
t0“tomato”
t1“Meloidogyne javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
R. clarus reduced total nematode numbers in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- R. claruse1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. clarusRhizophagus claruse1symbiont
- Outcome
- total nematode numberse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was efficient in reducing total nematode numbers”
e1“R. clarus did not prevent nematode penetration”
t0“tomato”
t1“Meloidogyne javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
R. clarus reduced nematode reproduction by 56.5% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- R. claruse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. clarusRhizophagus claruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- nematode reproductione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56.5e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. clarus, T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia treatments reduced nematode reproduction by 56.5, 54.4, and 56.9%, respectively, compared with the control.”
t0“tomato”
t1“Meloidogyne javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum reduced nematode reproduction by 54.4% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- nematode reproductione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 54.4e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. clarus, T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia treatments reduced nematode reproduction by 56.5, 54.4, and 56.9%, respectively, compared with the control.”
t0“tomato”
t1“Meloidogyne javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
P. chlamydosporia reduced nematode reproduction by 56.9% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. chlamydosporiae0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- nematode reproductione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56.9%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. clarus, T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia treatments reduced nematode reproduction by 56.5, 54.4, and 56.9%, respectively, compared with the control.”
t0“tomato”
t1“Meloidogyne javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
R. clarus increased tomato shoot weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- R. claruse0
- Interactor
- R. clarusRhizophagus claruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- tomato shoot weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. clarus increased tomato shoot weight and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities.”
Claim · model-written summary
R. clarus increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- R. claruse0
- Interactor
- R. clarusRhizophagus claruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. clarus increased tomato shoot weight and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities.”
The same questions in other papers
Pochonia chlamydosporia · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Rhizophagus clarus · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Rhizophagus clarus · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.