Abstract
An efficient genetic transformation protocol is a fundamental requirement for high regeneration capacity from cultivated durum wheat (Triticum durum) varieties. In this study, wereportedtheeffectsoftwoauxins,2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D)and4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicoli nicacid(picloram), at a concentration of 2 mg/Laloneandincombination on the embryogenic callus and plantlet regeneration of four durum wheat varieties (Amria, Chaoui, Marouane, and Tomouh) using mature embryos (MEs) and immature embryos (ImEs). Significanteffectsofvariety,culturemedium(theauxinused),andvariety-mediuminteraction were observed on the callus weight and plantlet regeneration of both MR and ImE explants. The medium used for callus induction significantly affected plantlet regeneration (p < 0.001). Comparedto2,4-D, picloram led to a higher plantlet regeneration rate in both ME and ImE explants (19.8% and 40.86%, respectively). Plantlet regeneration also varied significantly depending on the variety and medium used. PicloramledtohighplantletregenerationofbothME and ImE explants in all varieties except Tomouh, which showed high plantlet regeneration of ME explants in 2,4-D. A comparison of ME and ImE responses indicated that ImEs are the best explants for high plantlet regeneration in durum wheat. Ourfindingssuggestthatpicloramisthebestauxin and should be used instead of 2,4-D due to its positive effect on increasing plant regeneration of durum wheat ME and ImE explants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Variety, culture medium (auxin used) and their interaction significantly affected callus weight and plantlet regeneration in both ME and ImE explants.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- culturemedium(theauxinused)e0
- Outcome
- callus weight and plantlet regeneratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significanteffectsofvariety,culturemedium(theauxinused),andvariety-mediuminteraction were observed on the callus weight and plantlet regeneration of both MR and ImE explants”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The medium used for callus induction significantly affected plantlet regeneration (p < 0.001).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- medium used for callus inductione0
- Outcome
- plantlet regeneratione0
- Qualifier
- p < 0.001e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The medium used for callus induction significantly affected plantlet regeneration (p < 0.001)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with 2,4-D, picloram gave a higher plantlet regeneration rate in mature-embryo (ME) explants (19.8%).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Organ / stage
- MEe0
- Treatment
- piclorame0
- Outcome
- plantlet regeneration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.8%e0
- Comparator
- 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparedto2,4-D, picloram led to a higher plantlet regeneration rate in both ME and ImE explants (19.8% and 40.86%, respectively)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with 2,4-D, picloram gave a higher plantlet regeneration rate in immature-embryo (ImE) explants (40.86%).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Organ / stage
- ImE explantse0
- Treatment
- piclorame0
- Outcome
- plantlet regeneration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 40.86%e0
- Comparator
- 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparedto2,4-D, picloram led to a higher plantlet regeneration rate in both ME and ImE explants (19.8% and 40.86%, respectively)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram led to high plantlet regeneration of both ME and ImE explants in all varieties except Tomouh.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Organ / stage
- ME and ImE explantse0
- Treatment
- Piclorame0
- Outcome
- plantletregeneratione0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- except Tomouhe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PicloramledtohighplantletregenerationofbothME and ImE explants in all varieties except Tomouh”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety Tomouh showed high plantlet regeneration of ME explants in 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- Tomouhe0
- Organ / stage
- ME explantse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- plantlet regeneratione0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except Tomouh, which showed high plantlet regeneration of ME explants in 2,4-D”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ImE explants are the best explants for high plantlet regeneration in durum wheat compared with ME explants.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Organ / stage
- ImEse0
- Outcome
- high plantlet regeneratione0
- Comparator
- MEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A comparison of ME and ImE responses indicated that ImEs are the best explants for high plantlet regeneration in durum wheat”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend picloram instead of 2,4-D as the best auxin for increasing plant regeneration of durum wheat ME and ImE explants.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Outcome
- plant regeneratione0
- Qualifier
- should be used instead of 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“picloramisthebestauxin and should be used instead of 2,4-D due to its positive effect on increasing plant regeneration of durum wheat ME and ImE explants”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · growth · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.