Abstract
Fertilizer type and rate may influence the quality of fruits and vegetables. This study compared plant growth, yield, minerals concentration, and postharvest quality of celery as affected by fertilizer type (organic and chemical) and nitrogen rate. Organic fertilizers were vermicompost (VER) and bio-organic fertilizer [compost plus Trichoderma harzianum (COM)]. Chemical fertilizers were urea (46% N) at high rate [322 kg·ha−1 N (UREA_HIGH)], optimal rate [196 kg·ha−1 N (UREA_OPT)], and low rate [138 kg·ha−1 N (UREA_LOW)]; ammonium nitrate [35% N (AN)] at 196 kg·ha−1 N, and an unfertilized treatment used as a control. Plants fertilized with UREA_HIGH had the highest plant height and yield. Yields with VER and COM were similar to those of UREA_OPT, UREA_LOW, and AN. Celery fed with organic fertilizers had reduced petiole nitrate accumulation and improved mineral content (N, P, and K). Organic fertilizer treatments were the most effective in maintaining celery quality (petiole color, weight loss, titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids). There was an enhancement of phytochemical compounds such as vitamin C, total phenols, and antioxidant activity in celery grown with organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers released N more slowly into the soil, resulting in reduced plant growth and yields but increased celery's nutritional quality. Celery quality attributes with organic fertilizers were similar to those with the UREA_LOW treatment suggesting that the improved celery quality with the organic fertilizers may be attributed to reduced soil N.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate urea produced the greatest celery height and yield.
- Taxon
- celery
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=60)
Apium graveolens Dulce Groupt0 - Treatment
- UREA_HIGHe0
- Outcome
- plant height and yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Plants fertilized with UREA_HIGH had the highest plant height and yield.”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost and bio-organic fertilizer yields were similar to those under the three listed mineral fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupt0
- Treatment
- VER and COMe0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- UREA_OPT, UREA_LOW, and ANe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields with VER and COM were similar to those of UREA_OPT, UREA_LOW, and AN.”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers reduced celery petiole nitrate accumulation.
- Taxon
- CeleryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- petiole nitrate accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Celery fed with organic fertilizers had reduced petiole nitrate accumulation and improved mineral content (N, P, and K).”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers improved celery N, P and K content.
- Taxon
- CeleryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- mineral content (N, P, and K)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Celery fed with organic fertilizers had reduced petiole nitrate accumulation and improved mineral content (N, P, and K).”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer treatments best maintained celery petiole color, weight loss and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- petiole color, weight loss, titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizer treatments were the most effective in maintaining celery quality (petiole color, weight loss, titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids).”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer treatments best maintained celery pH and total soluble solids.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pH, and total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizer treatments were the most effective in maintaining celery quality (petiole color, weight loss, titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids).”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers enhanced celery vitamin C, total phenols and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- vitamin C, total phenols, and antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an enhancement of phytochemical compounds such as vitamin C, total phenols, and antioxidant activity in celery grown with organic fertilizers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers released soil N more slowly.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- N more slowly into the soile0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizers released N more slowly into the soil, resulting in reduced plant growth and yields but increased celery's nutritional quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed reduced celery growth and yield to slower soil N release from organic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- N more slowly into the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizers released N more slowly into the soil, resulting in reduced plant growth and yields but increased celery's nutritional quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed improved celery nutritional quality to slower soil N release from organic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- celery's nutritional qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- N more slowly into the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizers released N more slowly into the soil, resulting in reduced plant growth and yields but increased celery's nutritional quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Celery quality under organic fertilizers was similar to that under low-rate urea.
- Taxon
- CeleryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- quality attributese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- UREA_LOW treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Celery quality attributes with organic fertilizers were similar to those with the UREA_LOW treatment suggesting that the improved celery quality with the organic fertilizers may be attributed to reduced soil N.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested reduced soil N may explain improved celery quality under organic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- CeleryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- celery qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- reduced soil Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Celery quality attributes with organic fertilizers were similar to those with the UREA_LOW treatment suggesting that the improved celery quality with the organic fertilizers may be attributed to reduced soil N.”
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