Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are considered potential agents for agriculture as fertilizers and growth enhancers. However, their action spectrum differs strongly, depending on the type of NP, its concentrations, and plant species per se, ranging from growth stimulation to toxicity. This work aimed to investigate effects of iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs on growth, photosynthesis, respiration, antioxidant activity, and leaf mineral content of wheat plants. Wheat seeds were treated with NP for 3 h and plants were grown in the soil at two light intensities, 120 and 300 μmol (photons) m−2·s−1, followed by physiological assessment at several time points. High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1) enhanced plant growth, photosynthesis and respiration, as well as increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves. This effect depended on both the light intensity during plant growth and the age of the plants. Regardless of concentration and light intensity, an effect of NPs on the primary photochemical processes was not observed. Seed treatment with NP also led to increased activity of ascorbate peroxidase and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots and leaves. Treatment with Fe3O4 also led to noticeable increases in the leaf Fe, P, and K content. It is concluded that iron oxide (Fe3O4)-based NP could enhance plant growth by improving photosynthetic performance and the availability of Fe and P.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High Fe3O4 nanoparticle seed treatment (200 and 500 mg/L) enhanced wheat growth, photosynthesis and respiration.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1)e1
- Outcome
- plant growth, photosynthesis and respiratione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1) enhanced plant growth, photosynthesis and respiration”
Claim · model-written summary
High Fe3O4 nanoparticle seed treatment (200 and 500 mg/L) increased the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1)e1
- Outcome
- content of photosynthetic pigmentse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1) enhanced plant growth, photosynthesis and respiration, as well as increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The enhancing effect of nanoparticles depended on the light intensity during growth and on plant age.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- light intensity during plant growthe2
- Outcome
- plant growth, photosynthesis and respiratione1
- Qualifier
- age of the plantse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1) enhanced plant growth, photosynthesis and respiration”
e2“This effect depended on both the light intensity during plant growth and the age of the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Regardless of concentration and light intensity, no effect of the nanoparticles on primary photochemical processes was observed.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NPse1
- Outcome
- primary photochemical processese1
- Direction
- not observede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“Regardless of concentration and light intensity, an effect of NPs on the primary photochemical processes was not observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle seed treatment increased ascorbate peroxidase activity in wheat roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese1
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with NPe1
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee1
- Outcome
- activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“Seed treatment with NP also led to increased activity of ascorbate peroxidase and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle seed treatment reduced malondialdehyde content in wheat roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese1
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with NPe1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“Seed treatment with NP also led to increased activity of ascorbate peroxidase and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 treatment led to noticeable increases in leaf Fe, P and K content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Fe3O4e1
- Outcome
- leaf Fe, P, and K contente1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“Treatment with Fe3O4 also led to noticeable increases in the leaf Fe, P, and K content”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that Fe3O4-based nanoparticles could enhance wheat growth by improving photosynthetic performance and the availability of Fe and P.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- iron oxide (Fe3O4)-based NPe1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Qualifier
- improving photosynthetic performance and the availability of Fe and Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seeds”
e1“iron oxide (Fe3O4)-based NP could enhance plant growth by improving photosynthetic performance and the availability of Fe and P”
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