Abstract
Ascertaining the genetic variability and its relationships among valuable genetic resources is important for crop improvement programme. Here, we assessed the response of eleven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) based on morphophysiological data and yield under nine different environments. Wheat genotype WH 1080 maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency under individual stress of 50% water deficit (drought) and 100 mM NaCl (salt), whereas under interactive stresses KRL 370 and KRL 283 were found to be the best genotypes. The highest value of Na+/K+ ratio in shoots was recorded for WH 1080 (1.167) and lowest in KRL 283 (0.612) under combined stresses. Proline accumulation was maximum in KRL 330 (3.17 mg g-1 FW) and minimum in KRL 283 (2.8 mg g-1 FW). Significantly higher reduction (73.4%) was observed in HD 2009 for grain weight/plant at 100 mM NaCl + 50% WD stress treatment whereas minimum reduction of 39.18% was recorded in KRL 370 in comparison to the control treatment. The PCA showed that the first three components comprising about 91% of the total variation for which the variables were analyzed. AMMI model revealed KRL 210 to be stable genotype as being close to center on biplot. E5 environment (100 mM NaCl) was most stable followed by E9 (50% WD + 100 mM NaCl). HD 2888, C-306, HD 2851 and HD 2009 were having positive interaction with E1 (Control) whereas WH 1080 had positive interaction with water deficit environments i.e. E2 and E3 (25 and 50% WD) while KRL 433 had highest positive interaction with combined water deficit and salt stress environments E6, E7, E8 and E9, followed by KRL 370. Similarly, KRL 283, KRL 330, KRL 210 and Kharchia 65 had high positive interaction with saline environments E4 and E5. Findings of the experiment would be beneficial to wheat breeders, specifically the location-specific promising genotypes could possibly be used to develop/breed MAGIC populations to tag genes/alleles conferring drought and salinity tolerance.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat genotype WH 1080 maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency under individual water deficit and salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- WH 1080e1
- Treatment
- individual stress of 50% water deficit (drought) and 100 mM NaCl (salt)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“Wheat genotype WH 1080 maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency under individual stress of 50% water deficit (drought) and 100 mM NaCl (salt)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under interactive stresses, KRL 370 and KRL 283 were the best wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 370 and KRL 283e1
- Treatment
- interactive stressese1
- Outcome
- best genotypese1
- Direction
- beste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“under interactive stresses KRL 370 and KRL 283 were found to be the best genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under combined stresses, the shoot Na+/K+ ratio was highest in WH 1080 (1.167).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- WH 1080e1
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- combined stressese1
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 1.167e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“The highest value of Na+/K+ ratio in shoots was recorded for WH 1080 (1.167) and lowest in KRL 283 (0.612) under combined stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Under combined stresses, the shoot Na+/K+ ratio was lowest in KRL 283 (0.612).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 283e1
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- combined stressese1
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 0.612e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“The highest value of Na+/K+ ratio in shoots was recorded for WH 1080 (1.167) and lowest in KRL 283 (0.612) under combined stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline accumulation was maximum in KRL 330 (3.17 mg g-1 FW).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 330e1
- Outcome
- Proline accumulatione1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 3.17 mg g-1 FWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“Proline accumulation was maximum in KRL 330 (3.17 mg g-1 FW) and minimum in KRL 283 (2.8 mg g-1 FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline accumulation was minimum in KRL 283 (2.8 mg g-1 FW).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 283e1
- Outcome
- Proline accumulatione1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 2.8 mg g-1 FWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“Proline accumulation was maximum in KRL 330 (3.17 mg g-1 FW) and minimum in KRL 283 (2.8 mg g-1 FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 100 mM NaCl + 50% water deficit, grain weight per plant of HD 2009 showed a significantly higher reduction (73.4%) than the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HD 2009e1
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCl + 50% WD stress treatmente1
- Outcome
- grain weight/plante1
- Direction
- higher reductione1
- Value
- 73.4%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“Significantly higher reduction (73.4%) was observed in HD 2009 for grain weight/plant at 100 mM NaCl + 50% WD stress treatment whereas minimum reduction of 39.18% was recorded in KRL 370 in comparison to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 100 mM NaCl + 50% water deficit, grain weight per plant of KRL 370 showed the minimum reduction (39.18%) compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 370e1
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCl + 50% WD stress treatmente1
- Outcome
- grain weight/plante1
- Direction
- minimum reductione1
- Value
- 39.18%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“Significantly higher reduction (73.4%) was observed in HD 2009 for grain weight/plant at 100 mM NaCl + 50% WD stress treatment whereas minimum reduction of 39.18% was recorded in KRL 370 in comparison to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The first three principal components explained about 91% of the total variation among the wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- total variatione1
- Value
- about 91%e1
- Qualifier
- first three componentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“The PCA showed that the first three components comprising about 91% of the total variation”
Claim · model-written summary
KRL 210 was the stable wheat genotype across environments, close to the centre of the AMMI biplot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 210e1
- Outcome
- stable genotypee1
- Qualifier
- close to center on biplote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“AMMI model revealed KRL 210 to be stable genotype as being close to center on biplot”
Claim · model-written summary
The E5 environment (100 mM NaCl) was the most stable environment, followed by E9.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- E5 environment (100 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- most stablee1
- Direction
- most stablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“E5 environment (100 mM NaCl) was most stable followed by E9 (50% WD + 100 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
HD 2888, C-306 and HD 2851 had a positive interaction with the control environment E1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HD 2888, C-306, HD 2851e1
- Treatment
- E1 (Control)e1
- Outcome
- interaction with E1e1
- Direction
- positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“HD 2888, C-306, HD 2851 and HD 2009 were having positive interaction with E1 (Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
HD 2009 had a positive interaction with the control environment E1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HD 2009e1
- Treatment
- E1 (Control)e1
- Outcome
- interaction with E1e1
- Direction
- positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“HD 2888, C-306, HD 2851 and HD 2009 were having positive interaction with E1 (Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
WH 1080 had a positive interaction with the water deficit environments E2 and E3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- WH 1080e1
- Treatment
- water deficit environments i.e. E2 and E3 (25 and 50% WD)e1
- Outcome
- interaction with water deficit environmentse1
- Direction
- positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“WH 1080 had positive interaction with water deficit environments i.e. E2 and E3 (25 and 50% WD)”
Claim · model-written summary
KRL 433 had the highest positive interaction with the combined water deficit and salt stress environments E6 to E9.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 433e1
- Treatment
- combined water deficit and salt stress environments E6, E7, E8 and E9e1
- Outcome
- interaction with combined water deficit and salt stress environmentse1
- Direction
- highest positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“KRL 433 had highest positive interaction with combined water deficit and salt stress environments E6, E7, E8 and E9, followed by KRL 370”
Claim · model-written summary
KRL 370 ranked after KRL 433 in interaction with the combined water deficit and salt stress environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 370e1
- Treatment
- combined water deficit and salt stress environments E6, E7, E8 and E9e1
- Outcome
- interaction with combined water deficit and salt stress environmentse1
- Direction
- followed bye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“KRL 433 had highest positive interaction with combined water deficit and salt stress environments E6, E7, E8 and E9, followed by KRL 370”
Claim · model-written summary
KRL 283, KRL 330 and KRL 210 had a high positive interaction with the saline environments E4 and E5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- KRL 283, KRL 330, KRL 210e1
- Treatment
- saline environments E4 and E5e1
- Outcome
- interaction with saline environmentse1
- Direction
- positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“Similarly, KRL 283, KRL 330, KRL 210 and Kharchia 65 had high positive interaction with saline environments E4 and E5”
Claim · model-written summary
Kharchia 65 had a high positive interaction with the saline environments E4 and E5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Kharchia 65e1
- Treatment
- saline environments E4 and E5e1
- Outcome
- interaction with saline environmentse1
- Direction
- positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Relative performance of wheat genotypes”
e1“Similarly, KRL 283, KRL 330, KRL 210 and Kharchia 65 had high positive interaction with saline environments E4 and E5”
Claim · model-written summary
Location-specific promising genotypes could possibly be used to develop MAGIC populations for tagging drought and salinity tolerance genes in wheat breeding.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- location-specific promising genotypes could possibly be used to develop/breed MAGIC populationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Findings of the experiment would be beneficial to wheat breeders, specifically the location-specific promising genotypes could possibly be used to develop/breed MAGIC populations to tag genes/alleles conferring drought and salinity tolerance”
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