Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a traditional vegetable in Bulgaria. The area grown in for 2013 was estimated to be 344 ha which increased gradually to reach 708 ha in 2016. During the summer of 2013, leaf samples (n=76) with virus-like symptoms were collected from bean plants in fields around the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute and in private gardens in regions near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Disease incidence varied from 10 to 50%. Symptoms consisted of green or yellow mosaic, blisters, and leaf distortion (Fig. 1). In some locations the prevalent disease was associated with severe stunting. To identify the casual agent(s) of these symptoms DAS/TAS-ELISA tests were performed using eleven antisera, specific to Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Broad bean wilt virus 1, Broad bean wilt virus 2, Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco necrosis virus, Watermelon mosaic virus (Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Germany) and Peanut stunt virus (PSV) (Agdia, USA). Results revealed the presence of common viruses, BCMV, CMV, BYMV and ClYVV, in the majority of the samples. However, three samples were positive for PSV. The PSV samples were traced to fields in which stunting symptoms were prevalent. Sap inoculation of the PSV-infected samples to Chenopodium amaranticolor and Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in local chlorotic lesions and leaf distortion, respectively. A single lesion isolate of each virus was gradually propagated in tobacco plants (cv. White Burley) and used for further characterisation. Mechanical inoculation of these isolates caused systemic symptoms with large chlorotic lesions and rings in bean plants (cv. Pinto) (Fig. 2) and local chlorotic and necrotic lesions in C. quinoa and C. murale, respectively, followed by systemic chlorotic lesions in the upper leaves in C. quinoa (Fig. 3). Electron microscopy of bean extracts revealed isometric particles approximately 28 nm in diameter. RT-PCR of bean extracts was performed using specific primers (PSV-CP-For, 5ˈATGGCATCTAGATCTGGTAA-3ˈ and PSV-CP-Rev 5ˈGACCGGGAGCTTGGAAGCGGAA-3ˈ), that were designed using a reference sequence from GenBank (Accession No. U31366.1). Amplicons of the expected size (651 bp) were obtained from the coat protein region for all three PSV CP isolates. Sequencing of these amplicons confirmed the identification of PSV. These sequences were deposited in the NCBI database (MG256178 - MG256180). Phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 4) of all PSV isolates currently published in the NCBI database placed all three Bulgarian isolates in the Western subgroup (II), typified by the American PSV-W isolate (U31366). PSV is known to cause severe infections on legumes worldwide. As a nonpersistently transmitted aphid-borne cucumovirus, it might spread to other legumes including forage crops in Bulgaria. Monitoring infection of natural hosts would provide additional information about the epidemiology of the virus in Eastern Europe. To our knowledge this is the first report of PSV in the country and the second report of the occurrence of the Western strain of PSV in Europe (Diaz-Ruiz et al., 1979). References Diaz-Ruiz JR, Kaper JM, Waterworth HE, Devergne JC, 1979. Isolation and characterization of peanut stunt virus from alfalfa in Spain. Phytopathology 69, 504-509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-69-504
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in symptomatic bean fields ranged from 10 to 50%.
- Taxon
- Common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Outcome
- Disease incidencee0
- Value
- 10 to 50%e0
- Setting
- Plovdiv, Bulgariae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence varied from 10 to 50%”
e1“Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
e2“Plovdiv, Bulgaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptomatic bean plants had green or yellow mosaic, blisters, and leaf distortion.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- green or yellow mosaic, blisters, and leaf distortione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms consisted of green or yellow mosaic, blisters, and leaf distortion”
e1“Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe stunting accompanied prevalent disease in some bean locations.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- severe stuntinge0
- Qualifier
- some locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In some locations the prevalent disease was associated with severe stunting”
e1“Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
BCMV, CMV, BYMV and ClYVV occurred in the majority of symptomatic bean samples.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- presence of common viruses, BCMV, CMV, BYMV and ClYVVe0
- Qualifier
- majority of the samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed the presence of common viruses, BCMV, CMV, BYMV and ClYVV, in the majority of the samples”
e1“Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three symptomatic bean samples tested positive for Peanut stunt virus.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Interactor
- Peanut stunt virusPeanut stunt viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- three samples were positive for PSVe0
- Value
- three samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three samples were positive for PSV”
e1“Peanut stunt virus (PSV)”
e2“Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut stunt virus positive bean samples came from fields where stunting was prevalent.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Interactor
- Peanut stunt virusPeanut stunt viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- stunting symptoms were prevalente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PSV samples were traced to fields in which stunting symptoms were prevalent”
e1“Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
e2“Peanut stunt virus (PSV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap inoculation with PSV infected samples caused local chlorotic lesions in Chenopodium amaranticolor.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium amaranticolor
Chenopodium amaranticolore0 - Treatment
- Sap inoculation of the PSV-infected samplese0
- Interactor
- Peanut stunt virusPeanut stunt viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- local chlorotic lesionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sap inoculation of the PSV-infected samples to Chenopodium amaranticolor and Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in local chlorotic lesions and leaf distortion, respectively”
e1“Peanut stunt virus (PSV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap inoculation with PSV infected samples caused leaf distortion in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Sap inoculation of the PSV-infected samplese0
- Interactor
- Peanut stunt virusPeanut stunt viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf distortione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sap inoculation of the PSV-infected samples to Chenopodium amaranticolor and Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in local chlorotic lesions and leaf distortion, respectively”
e1“Peanut stunt virus (PSV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical inoculation of PSV isolates caused systemic chlorotic lesions and rings in Pinto bean plants.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Material
- Pintoe0
- Treatment
- Mechanical inoculation of these isolatese0
- Interactor
- Peanut stunt virusPeanut stunt viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- large chlorotic lesions and ringse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mechanical inoculation of these isolates caused systemic symptoms with large chlorotic lesions and rings in bean plants (cv. Pinto)”
e1“Peanut stunt virus (PSV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical inoculation of PSV isolates caused local chlorotic lesions and later systemic chlorotic lesions in Chenopodium quinoa.
- Taxon
- C. quinoa
Chenopodium quinoae0 - Treatment
- Mechanical inoculation of these isolatese1
- Outcome
- local chlorotic and necrotic lesionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“local chlorotic and necrotic lesions in C. quinoa and C. murale, respectively, followed by systemic chlorotic lesions in the upper leaves in C. quinoa”
e1“Mechanical inoculation of these isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical inoculation of PSV isolates caused local necrotic lesions in Chenopodium murale.
- Taxon
- C. murale
Chenopodiastrum muralee0 - Treatment
- Mechanical inoculation of these isolatese1
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“local chlorotic and necrotic lesions in C. quinoa and C. murale, respectively”
e1“Mechanical inoculation of these isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron microscopy of bean extracts revealed isometric particles about 28 nm in diameter.
Verbatim
e0“Electron microscopy of bean extracts revealed isometric particles approximately 28 nm in diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
All three PSV coat protein isolates yielded RT PCR amplicons of the expected 651 bp size.
Verbatim
e0“Amplicons of the expected size (651 bp) were obtained from the coat protein region for all three PSV CP isolates”
e1“Electron microscopy of bean extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing the bean associated amplicons confirmed PSV identification.
Verbatim
e0“Sequencing of these amplicons confirmed the identification of PSV”
e1“Electron microscopy of bean extracts”
e2“all three PSV CP isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequences of the bean associated PSV isolates were deposited as MG256178 through MG256180.
Verbatim
e0“These sequences were deposited in the NCBI database (MG256178 - MG256180)”
e1“Electron microscopy of bean extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis placed all three Bulgarian PSV isolates in Western subgroup II.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Interactor
- PSVPeanut stunt viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- Western subgroup (II)e0
Verbatim
e0“placed all three Bulgarian isolates in the Western subgroup (II)”
e1“Electron microscopy of bean extracts”
e2“Phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 4) of all PSV isolates currently published in the NCBI database”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify this as the first report of PSV in Bulgaria and the second report of the Western strain in Europe.
Verbatim
e0“first report of PSV in the country and the second report of the occurrence of the Western strain of PSV in Europe”
e1“rings in bean plants (cv. Pinto)”
e2“Plovdiv, Bulgaria”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose monitoring natural hosts to clarify PSV epidemiology in Eastern Europe.
Verbatim
e0“Monitoring infection of natural hosts would provide additional information about the epidemiology of the virus in Eastern Europe”
e1“rings in bean plants (cv. Pinto)”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Chenopodiastrum murale (nettle-leaf goosefoot)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · disease · Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)Results agree
19 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.