Abstract
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants exhibiting systemic mild mosaic, vein yellowing, and leaf malformation were collected from Puli City in 2006. Double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA was used to test these samples for Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection using polyclonal antibodies. In addition, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Nicotiana benthamiana plants were mechanically inoculated with sap extracted from collected samples. Ten days postinoculation, chlorotic local lesions were observed on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor plants, whereas, systemic mosaic and foliar distortion symptoms were developed on upper leaves of N. benthamiana plants. The DAS-ELISA test showed that field-collected pepper samples and inoculated leaves of C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor were infected with ChiVMV, while N. benthamiana with mosaic symptoms did not react with ChiVMV antibodies. To confirm ChiVMV, field-collected samples as well as mechanically inoculated plants were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the potyvirus degenerate primers Hrp5/Pot1 (2). Amplified RT-PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of amplified fragments (1.4 kb) revealed that field-collected pepper samples were infected with ChiVMV and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). The DNA fragment amplified from C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor showed high (99.2%) sequence identities with the CP gene of ChiVMV (3) (GenBank Accession No. AM909717). However, amplicons obtained from N. benthamiana plants (GenBank Accession No. HQ329082) that showed mosaic symptoms showed 83.6% to 98.7% nucleotide identities with PepMoV (GenBank Accession Nos. AB126033, AF227728, AF440801, AF501591, EU586133, and M96425). Next, a pure isolate of PepMoV was established on N. benthamiana by mechanical inoculation of diluted plant sap obtained from a PepMoV-infected N. benthamiana plant. Bell pepper plants inoculated with the Taiwan isolate of PepMoV developed mosaic and leaf distortion symptoms. Antiserum against the PepMoV Taiwan isolate was subsequently prepared by immunizing rabbits with purified virus particles. Using the prepared antiserum and specific primers (1) to detect PepMoV, ChiVMV, and Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), three viruses could be readily detected and differentiated from diseased bell peppers in the field. In a survey done in 2007, 18 of 33 pepper samples from southern Taiwan were found with mixed infections of PepMoV and ChiVMV, seven samples were infected with PepMoV and PVMV, five samples were infected with PVMV, and another three samples were infected with ChiVMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of PepMoV in bell peppers in Taiwan. References: (1) Y. H. Cheng et al. Plant Dis. 93:107, 2009. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 82:1121, 1998. (3) W. S. Tsai et al. Plant Pathol. 58:408, 2008.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Collected bell pepper plants showed mild mosaic, vein yellowing and leaf malformation.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum annuume0 - Outcome
- systemic mild mosaic, vein yellowing, and leaf malformatione0
- Setting
- Puli Citye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants exhibiting systemic mild mosaic, vein yellowing, and leaf malformation were collected from Puli City in 2006.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor leaves developed chlorotic local lesions.
- Taxon
- C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor
Chenopodium quinoa
Chenopodium amaranticolore1 - Treatment
- mechanically inoculated with sap extracted from collected samplese0
- Outcome
- chlorotic local lesionse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Nicotiana benthamiana plants were mechanically inoculated with sap extracted from collected samples.”
e1“chlorotic local lesions were observed on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated N. benthamiana developed systemic mosaic and foliar distortion.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Organ / stage
- upper leavese1
- Treatment
- mechanically inoculated with sap extracted from collected samplese0
- Outcome
- systemic mosaic and foliar distortion symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants were mechanically inoculated with sap extracted from collected samples.”
e1“systemic mosaic and foliar distortion symptoms were developed on upper leaves of N. benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ELISA detected ChiVMV in field pepper samples and inoculated C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor.
Verbatim
e0“field-collected pepper samples and inoculated leaves of C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor were infected with ChiVMV”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana with mosaic symptoms did not react with ChiVMV antibodies.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Interactor
- ChiVMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- did not react with ChiVMV antibodiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana with mosaic symptoms did not react with ChiVMV antibodies”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing identified ChiVMV and PepMoV in field pepper samples.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Interactor
- ChiVMVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pepper mottle virusPepper mottle viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected with ChiVMV and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV)e0
Verbatim
e0“field-collected pepper samples were infected with ChiVMV and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor amplicons had 99.2% identity to the ChiVMV CP gene.
- Taxon
- C. quinoa and C. amaranticolorChenopodium quinoaChenopodium amaranticolore0
- Interactor
- ChiVMVe0pathogen
- Gene
- CP gene of ChiVMVe0
- Outcome
- sequence identities with the CP gene of ChiVMVe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 99.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DNA fragment amplified from C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor showed high (99.2%) sequence identities with the CP gene of ChiVMV”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana amplicons had 83.6% to 98.7% nucleotide identity to PepMoV.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Interactor
- PepMoVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- nucleotide identities with PepMoVe0
- Value
- 83.6% to 98.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amplicons obtained from N. benthamiana plants (GenBank Accession No. HQ329082) that showed mosaic symptoms showed 83.6% to 98.7% nucleotide identities with PepMoV”
Claim · model-written summary
Bell pepper inoculated with Taiwan PepMoV developed mosaic and leaf distortion.
- Taxon
- Bell peppere0
- Treatment
- inoculated with the Taiwan isolate of PepMoVe0
- Interactor
- PepMoVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- mosaic and leaf distortion symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Bell pepper plants inoculated with the Taiwan isolate of PepMoV developed mosaic and leaf distortion symptoms.”
Claim · model-written summary
The prepared antiserum and primers differentiated three viruses in diseased field bell peppers.
Verbatim
e0“Using the prepared antiserum and specific primers (1) to detect PepMoV, ChiVMV, and Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), three viruses could be readily detected and differentiated from diseased bell peppers in the field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Southern Taiwan survey found 18 of 33 pepper samples with mixed PepMoV and ChiVMV infection.
Verbatim
e0“18 of 33 pepper samples from southern Taiwan were found with mixed infections of PepMoV and ChiVMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven pepper samples had mixed PepMoV and PVMV infection.
Verbatim
e0“seven samples were infected with PepMoV and PVMV”
e1“pepper samples from southern Taiwan”
Claim · model-written summary
Five pepper samples had PVMV infection.
Verbatim
e0“five samples were infected with PVMV”
e1“pepper samples from southern Taiwan”
Claim · model-written summary
Three pepper samples had ChiVMV infection.
Verbatim
e0“another three samples were infected with ChiVMV”
e1“pepper samples from southern Taiwan”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report PepMoV occurrence in Taiwan bell peppers for the first time.
Verbatim
e0“first report of the occurrence of PepMoV in bell peppers in Taiwan”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.