Abstract
Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) is a vigorous perennial and climbing cucurbits, native to Mesoamerica, and cultivated for alimentary purposes in the American continent, Australia, New Zealand, South Europe, Asia and Africa. During spring 2019, some chayote plants showing bright yellow vein banding rings and lines were observed in a private garden in South Italy (Campania region). Symptoms coalesced in some leaves, covering almost the whole foliar area. Double-stranded RNAs were extracted from symptomatic leaves of a single chayote plant and reverse-transcribed, randomly amplified, and submitted to Illumina sequencing (Marais et al., 2018). Reads were assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench 11.1 (http://www.clcbio.com). Contigs were then annotated by Blastn and Blastx comparison with the Genbank database, which allowed the identification of eight contigs of between 380 and 980 nucleotides sharing significant identity with alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) genomic RNAs. No other viral contigs were identified. Mapping of reads on AMV genomic RNAs identified 4,209 AMV reads (1.26% of total reads) and allowed the scaffolding of the contigs into three scaffolds corresponding to the three AMV genomic RNAs. To complete the sequence of the AMV chayote isolate genome (named See-1), primers were designed from the contig sequences and used to amplify RACE PCR products spanning the 5' and 3' terminal regions of the three genomic RNAs using the SMARTer™ RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (Clontech, China). All amplicons were cloned into the pGEM-T vector (Promega, USA) and sequenced (three clones for each amplicon) by Microsynth Seqlab (Microsynth AG, Switzerland). Finally, the complete genomic sequences of the three RNAs were assembled by MacVector 17.5 (MacVector Inc., USA). The RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3 of See-1 are 3,643, 2,593 and 2,037 nt respectively (GenBank accession Nos. MT093209 to MT093211), and share the highest nt sequence identity with the RNA1 and RNA3 of AMV isolate (HZ) from tobacco (99.5% for RNA1, HQ316635; 98.7% for RNA3, HQ316637) and with the RNA2 of isolate AMV-Gym from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (98.1%, MH332898), both from China. AMV isolate See-1 was classified as belonging to subgroup I based on the presence of a BamH I and two AvaII sites in the CP ORF (Parrella et al., 2000). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, using primers targeting the CP gene (Parrella et al., 2000), confirmed AMV infection in three symptomatic cayote plants including that used for Illumina sequencing, with 100% of nt sequence identity of amplicons. Three plants each of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicon were mechanically inoculated with sap from isolate See-1 infected plant, leading to the appearance of typical AMV symptoms in all three hosts ten days post-inoculation (Jaspars & Bos, 1980). This note describes the first detection of AMV in cayote in Italy and, to the best of our knowledge, in the world. In some areas of Southern Italy, climatic conditions are favorable enough to allow chayote development in the wild. Further studies would be desirable to determine the distribution and incidence of AMV in chayote and to understand the possibility that this species may play a role in AMV epidemiology, representing a threat to other susceptible crops.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Chayote plants in South Italy showed yellow vein banding rings and lines.
- Taxon
- chayote
Sicyos edulise0 - Outcome
- bright yellow vein banding rings and linese0
- Setting
- South Italy (Campania region)e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some chayote plants showing bright yellow vein banding rings and lines were observed in a private garden in South Italy (Campania region)”
Claim · model-written summary
The symptoms covered almost the entire leaf area in some leaves.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- covering almost the whole foliar areae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms coalesced in some leaves, covering almost the whole foliar area”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight viral contigs showed significant identity to alfalfa mosaic virus genomic RNAs.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- significant identity with alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) genomic RNAse0
- Value
- eight contigse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identification of eight contigs of between 380 and 980 nucleotides sharing significant identity with alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) genomic RNAs”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
No other viral contigs were identified in the chayote sample.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Outcome
- No other viral contigs were identifiede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No other viral contigs were identified”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
Read mapping identified 4,209 AMV reads, 1.26% of total reads.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- AMV readse0
- Value
- 4,209e0
- Qualifier
- 1.26% of total readse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified 4,209 AMV reads (1.26% of total reads)”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
The See-1 RNA1 sequence was 3,643 nt.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- See-1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- RNA1e0
- Value
- 3,643e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3 of See-1 are 3,643, 2,593 and 2,037 nt respectively”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
The See-1 RNA2 sequence was 2,593 nt.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- See-1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- RNA2e0
- Value
- 2,593e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3 of See-1 are 3,643, 2,593 and 2,037 nt respectively”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
The See-1 RNA3 sequence was 2,037 nt.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- See-1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- RNA3e0
- Value
- 2,037 nte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3 of See-1 are 3,643, 2,593 and 2,037 nt respectively”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
See-1 RNA1 shared 99.5% identity with AMV isolate HZ from tobacco.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- AMV isolate (HZ)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- nt sequence identitye0
- Value
- 99.5%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“share the highest nt sequence identity with the RNA1 and RNA3 of AMV isolate (HZ) from tobacco (99.5% for RNA1, HQ316635; 98.7% for RNA3, HQ316637)”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
See-1 RNA3 shared 98.7% identity with AMV isolate HZ from tobacco.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- AMV isolate (HZ)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- nt sequence identitye0
- Value
- 98.7%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“share the highest nt sequence identity with the RNA1 and RNA3 of AMV isolate (HZ) from tobacco (99.5% for RNA1, HQ316635; 98.7% for RNA3, HQ316637)”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
See-1 RNA2 shared 98.1% identity with AMV-Gym.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- AMV-Gyme0pathogen
- Outcome
- RNA2e0
- Value
- 98.1%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the RNA2 of isolate AMV-Gym from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (98.1%, MH332898)”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
See-1 was classified in subgroup I.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- AMV isolate See-1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- subgroup Ie0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMV isolate See-1 was classified as belonging to subgroup I”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
AMV infection was confirmed in three symptomatic chayote plants.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- AMV infectione0
- Value
- threee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirmed AMV infection in three symptomatic cayote plants including that used for Illumina sequencing, with 100% of nt sequence identity of amplicons”
t0“Chayote”
Claim · model-written summary
Chenopodium amaranticolor developed typical AMV symptoms after inoculation with See-1.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium amaranticolor
Chenopodium amaranticolore0 - Treatment
- mechanically inoculated with sap from isolate See-1 infected plante0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- typical AMV symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three plants each of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicon were mechanically inoculated with sap from isolate See-1 infected plant, leading to the appearance of typical AMV symptoms in all three hosts ten days post-inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotiana benthamiana developed typical AMV symptoms after inoculation with See-1.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- mechanically inoculated with sap from isolate See-1 infected plante0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- typical AMV symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three plants each of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicon were mechanically inoculated with sap from isolate See-1 infected plant, leading to the appearance of typical AMV symptoms in all three hosts ten days post-inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Solanum lycopersicon developed typical AMV symptoms after inoculation with See-1.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicone0
- Treatment
- mechanically inoculated with sap from isolate See-1 infected plante0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- typical AMV symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Three plants each of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicon were mechanically inoculated with sap from isolate See-1 infected plant, leading to the appearance of typical AMV symptoms in all three hosts ten days post-inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report the first AMV detection in chayote in Italy and worldwide.
- Taxon
- ChayoteSicyos edulist0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- first detection of AMV in cayotee0
- Setting
- Italye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“first detection of AMV in cayote in Italy and, to the best of our knowledge, in the world”
t0“Chayote”
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