Abstract
The main constraint on rice cultivation in the Mediterranean area is the limited irrigation and its large water consumption. In addition, rice is very sensitive to drought conditions because of drought stress on morpho-physiological traits and yield reduction. The application of salicylic acid (SA) has been noticed to be very effective in alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress on rice. The current investigation was conducted as a split-split arrangement under a randomized complete block design with two lowland rice cultivars (Giza177 and Giza179) and SA as a foliar application at four concentrations (0, 400, 700, and 1000 µM) under normal and drought conditions. The results showed that plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, yields, and the most studied traits were significantly affected by irrigation (I), cultivar (C), and SA concentration (p ≤ 0.05 or 0.01). The interaction effect of I × C × SA was only significant on the carotenoids content (p ≤ 0.05). The reduction in grain yield and most studied traits was more pronounced under drought conditions. The Giza179 proved to be a drought-tolerant cultivar under all SA concentrations under drought conditions, while Giza177 was a drought-sensitive cultivar. The application of 700 µM SA gave the best grain yield in both rice cultivars under drought conditions compared to other SA concentrations. Grain yield for normal irrigation (Yp) and drought stress (Ys) conditions were highly positively correlated with indices of the mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), harmonic mean (HM), and golden mean (GOL). While they are highly negatively correlated with the indices of the stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield reduction ratio (YR), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), and abiotic tolerance index (ATI). It could be concluded that SA, as a growth regulator, could be used to alleviate the harmful effect of inadequate water availability in soil on rice cultivars as well as to improve the growth, water productivity, and grain yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation, cultivar, and salicylic acid significantly affected plant growth, pigments, yields, and most traits.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- irrigation (I), cultivar (C), and SA concentratione0
- Outcome
- plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, yieldse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, yields, and the most studied traits were significantly affected by irrigation (I), cultivar (C), and SA concentration (p ≤ 0.05 or 0.01)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The irrigation by cultivar by SA interaction significantly affected carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- I × C × SAe0
- Outcome
- carotenoids contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction effect of I × C × SA was only significant on the carotenoids content (p ≤ 0.05)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought caused a more pronounced reduction in grain yield and most traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- grain yield and most studied traitse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in grain yield and most studied traits was more pronounced under drought conditions”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza179 was drought tolerant at every SA concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza179e0
- Outcome
- drought-tolerant cultivare0
- Qualifier
- under all SA concentrations under drought conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Giza179 proved to be a drought-tolerant cultivar under all SA concentrations under drought conditions”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza177 was drought sensitive.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza177e0
- Outcome
- drought-sensitive cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza177 was a drought-sensitive cultivar”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 700 µM SA gave the best grain yield in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 700 µM SAe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse0
- Comparator
- other SA concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 700 µM SA gave the best grain yield in both rice cultivars under drought conditions compared to other SA concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under normal and drought conditions correlated positively with eight productivity and tolerance indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), harmonic mean (HM), and golden mean (GOL)e0
- Setting
- normal irrigation (Yp) and drought stress (Ys) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield for normal irrigation (Yp) and drought stress (Ys) conditions were highly positively correlated with indices of the mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), harmonic mean (HM), and golden mean (GOL)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated negatively with five stress susceptibility and tolerance indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield reduction ratio (YR), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), and abiotic tolerance index (ATI)e0
- Setting
- normal irrigation (Yp) and drought stress (Ys) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they are highly negatively correlated with the indices of the stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield reduction ratio (YR), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), and abiotic tolerance index (ATI)”
t0“Rice”
e1“Grain yield for normal irrigation (Yp) and drought stress (Ys) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend SA to improve growth, water productivity and yield under inadequate water availability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- improve the growth, water productivity, and grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA, as a growth regulator, could be used to alleviate the harmful effect of inadequate water availability in soil on rice cultivars as well as to improve the growth, water productivity, and grain yield”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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248 papers in the same direction as this paper · 76 in the opposite direction
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See all 325 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.