Abstract
Biochar addition has been proposed to influence soil nitrogen (N) cycle and improve crop productivity. However, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of soil N cycle on the productivity of different crops under biochar addition remains elusive. Thus, a meta-analysis of 93 peer-reviewed field experiments was undertaken to investigate these outcomes of biochar addition. Results show that biochar addition significantly enhances crop productivity by 13.0%. The productivities of legumes, maize, and wheat were significantly increased by 21.2%, 14.3%, and 8.00% following biochar addition in the fields, respectively. However, the improvement in rice productivity is the lowest (3.36%), insignificant following biochar addition. The aggregated boosted tree, and partial least squares path analyses, indicated that the changes in the soil N pool (i.e., TN, NO3−-N, and NH4+-N) and plant N uptake were the most critical factors in increasing crop productivity under biochar addition. Although biochar addition had no significant enhancement on rice productivity, enhancing field rice nitrogen uptake and modest application of nitrogen fertilizers greatly improved rice productivity. The amount of soil NH4+-N was vital to improving legume productivity rather than biological N2 fixation when biochar was applied. Increases in NH4+-N content and decreasing NO3−-N content were favorable to improving maize productivity under biochar addition. In contrast, biochar additions did not significantly regulate the parameters and processes of soil N cycle to enhance wheat productivity. Overall, the productivity of different types of crops is greatly influenced by soil N cycle under biochar addition.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition significantly enhanced crop productivity by 13.0%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e0“Results show that biochar addition significantly enhances crop productivity by 13.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition significantly increased legume productivity by 21.2% in the fields.
- Taxon
- legumese1
- Treatment
- biochar additione1
- Outcome
- productivitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21.2%e1
- Setting
- in the fieldse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e1“The productivities of legumes, maize, and wheat were significantly increased by 21.2%, 14.3%, and 8.00% following biochar addition in the fields, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition significantly increased maize productivity by 14.3% in the fields.
- Treatment
- biochar additione1
- Outcome
- productivitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 14.3%e1
- Setting
- in the fieldse1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e1“The productivities of legumes, maize, and wheat were significantly increased by 21.2%, 14.3%, and 8.00% following biochar addition in the fields, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition significantly increased wheat productivity by 8.00% in the fields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- biochar additione1
- Outcome
- productivitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 8.00%e1
- Setting
- in the fieldse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e1“The productivities of legumes, maize, and wheat were significantly increased by 21.2%, 14.3%, and 8.00% following biochar addition in the fields, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition gave a rice productivity increase of 3.36% that was lowest and not significant.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- biochar additione2
- Outcome
- rice productivitye2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 3.36%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e2“However, the improvement in rice productivity is the lowest (3.36%), insignificant following biochar addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhancing field rice nitrogen uptake and modest nitrogen fertilizer application greatly improved rice productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- enhancing field rice nitrogen uptakee3
- Outcome
- rice productivitye3
- Direction
- improvede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e3“Although biochar addition had no significant enhancement on rice productivity, enhancing field rice nitrogen uptake and modest application of nitrogen fertilizers greatly improved rice productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in the soil N pool and plant N uptake were the most critical factors in increasing crop productivity under biochar addition.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e4“the changes in the soil N pool (i.e., TN, NO3−-N, and NH4+-N) and plant N uptake were the most critical factors in increasing crop productivity under biochar addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil NH4+-N was vital to improving legume productivity rather than biological N2 fixation when biochar was applied.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e5“The amount of soil NH4+-N was vital to improving legume productivity rather than biological N2 fixation when biochar was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in NH4+-N content were favorable to improving maize productivity under biochar addition.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e6“Increases in NH4+-N content and decreasing NO3−-N content were favorable to improving maize productivity under biochar addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing NO3−-N content was favorable to improving maize productivity under biochar addition.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e6“Increases in NH4+-N content and decreasing NO3−-N content were favorable to improving maize productivity under biochar addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar additions did not significantly regulate the soil N cycle to enhance wheat productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- biochar additionse7
- Outcome
- wheat productivitye7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e7“biochar additions did not significantly regulate the parameters and processes of soil N cycle to enhance wheat productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Productivity of different types of crops is greatly influenced by the soil N cycle under biochar addition.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Productivity of Different Crops”
e0“the productivity of different types of crops is greatly influenced by soil N cycle under biochar addition”
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