Abstract
The influence of biochar (biomass-derived black carbon) on crop growth and nutrient uptake varies based on the rate of biochar applied with fertilisers. We investigated the effect of deep-banded oil mallee biochar at different rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 6 t/ha) with 2 types of fertiliser (non-inoculated MultiMAPS® at 30 or 55 kg/ha; inoculated Western Mineral Fertiliser at 100 kg/ha) on wheat growth at a farmer’s field in a low rainfall area of Western Australia. Wheat yield increased significantly when biochar was applied with inoculated fertiliser and 30 kg/ha non-inoculated fertiliser. Mycorrhizal colonisation in wheat roots increased significantly with biochar application with inoculated mineral fertiliser. Mycorrhizal hyphae may have improved water supply to reduce drought stress in these treatments by extending crop exploration of water from the wide inter-rows. Grain yield increases were due to better grain survival and grain fill with reduced drought stress. Early stage phosphorus uptake was not improved by mycorrhizal colonisation—phosphorus supply from the soil and applied fertiliser was already adequate. The residual effect of biochar and mineral fertilisers was assessed using a mycorrhizal bioassay for soil collected from the field trial 2 years after application of biochar. Biochar and both fertilisers increased mycorrhizal colonisation in clover bioassay plants. Deep-banded biochar provided suitable conditions for mycorrhizal fungi to colonise plant roots.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with inoculated fertilizer significantly increased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- biochar was applied with inoculated fertilisere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield increased significantly when biochar was applied with inoculated fertiliser”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with 30 kg/ha non-inoculated fertilizer significantly increased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 30 kg/ha non-inoculated fertilisere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield increased significantly when biochar was applied with inoculated fertiliser and 30 kg/ha non-inoculated fertiliser.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with inoculated mineral fertilizer increased wheat root mycorrhizal colonization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biochar application with inoculated mineral fertilisere0
- Interactor
- Mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Mycorrhizal colonisation in wheat rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal colonisation in wheat roots increased significantly with biochar application with inoculated mineral fertiliser.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute increased grain yield to improved grain survival and filling under reduced drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Grain yield increasese0
- Qualifier
- better grain survival and grain fill with reduced drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increases were due to better grain survival and grain fill with reduced drought stress.”
e1“on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonization did not improve early phosphorus uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Early stage phosphorus uptakee0
- Direction
- not improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early stage phosphorus uptake was not improved by mycorrhizal colonisation”
e1“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased mycorrhizal colonization in clover bioassay plants.
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonisatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
TrifoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar and both fertilisers increased mycorrhizal colonisation in clover bioassay plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both fertilizers increased mycorrhizal colonization in clover bioassay plants.
- Treatment
- both fertiliserse0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonisatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar and both fertilisers increased mycorrhizal colonisation in clover bioassay plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep-banded biochar provided suitable conditions for root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Deep-banded biochare0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal fungi to colonise plant rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep-banded biochar provided suitable conditions for mycorrhizal fungi to colonise plant roots.”
e1“of wheat”
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